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Effects of offering web questionnaires as an option in enterprise surveys – The Swedish experience

Effects of offering web questionnaires as an option in enterprise surveys – The Swedish experience. Johan Erikson Statistics Sweden E-mail: johan.erikson@scb.se. Disposition. Background (The SIV tool and general strategies)

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Effects of offering web questionnaires as an option in enterprise surveys – The Swedish experience

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  1. Effects of offering web questionnaires as an option in enterprise surveys – The Swedish experience Johan Erikson Statistics Sweden E-mail: johan.erikson@scb.se ICES III - Johan Erikson

  2. Disposition • Background (The SIV tool and general strategies) • Experience (take-up and efforts to raise it, re-design, data quality – a few case studies) • Conclusions ICES III - Johan Erikson

  3. The SIV tool • Generalised tool • Form construction, Administration, Security, Presentation on web • Data base solution, pages generated ”on the fly” one at a time • Dynamic in all aspects (pages, questions, rows and columns) • Developed 2004-2007 (ongoing) • Used for both enterprise surveys, household surveys, surveys to agencies and municipalities • Will be integrated to have three presentation tools: web, windows form (for telephone interviews), hand-held computers • Up to now: used in 40+ enterprise surveys, 100+ surveys in total ICES III - Johan Erikson

  4. General strategy • Defensive strategy • Paper form + opportunity to reply on the web • Log-in information normally placed on the paper form and not on the cover letter • Web questionnaires slightly re-designed to fit screen size rather than paper size • Dynamic when possible (skip patterns, add rows and columns when necessary) • Some (but mostly simple) edit checks • Reminders – some have new paper form, some do not ICES III - Johan Erikson

  5. Take-up • With general strategy – take-up varies from less than 2% to more than 40% • Normal take-up: 5-20% • Surveys with high take-up: register updates, surveys that have had TDE as an option • Take-up in monthly surveys: stable or rising • Possible effort to raise take-up: No paper questionnaire (ordinary sending or reminder) ICES III - Johan Erikson

  6. Take-up over time ICES III - Johan Erikson

  7. Efforts to raise take-up • ”LINDA” survey – wages (november) for specific individuals (longitudinal survey) – not all employees • Normally, 1-10 individuals per enterprise • Almost 29000 enterprises (27500 have 1-3 individuals) • Experiment: 20 per cent of enterprises 1-4 indivisuals and 100% of enterprises 5-10 individuals were sent no paper questionnaire (will be sent at reminder, when the others will not be sent a new paper questionnaire) ICES III - Johan Erikson

  8. Efforts to raise take-up ICES III - Johan Erikson

  9. Efforts to raise take-up • Development of new enterprises • Experiment: No new paper form at reminder, extra push for web ICES III - Johan Erikson

  10. Efforts to raise take-up • The big step – eliminating paper forms • 3-4 surveys • Most enterprises use web when it´s the option given • Paper form when active effort (phone call) • Some extra efforts have been made on reminders • Response rates have varied, from no change to small dips ICES III - Johan Erikson

  11. Re-design • Web as a third alternative – turnover statistics • Before: paper/TDE Now: paper/TDE/Web • Only one indicator (turnover) • Monthly/quarterly statistic ICES III - Johan Erikson

  12. Re-design ICES III - Johan Erikson

  13. Data quality • Data is scarce • Based on editing after collection • Ratio of objects showing at least one error signal • Remember: not many edit checks in web questionnaire • But: elementary edits (format, radio buttons allowing only one mark, automatic skip patterns) eliminate some errors • Tendency is similar regardless of type of survey – ratio of objects with error signals is lower for web • Slight but slow tendency of error rates to decrease over time ICES III - Johan Erikson

  14. Data quality ICES III - Johan Erikson

  15. Data quality ICES III - Johan Erikson

  16. Conclusions • Take-up with defensive strategy is rather low • Take-up-rates may be influenced significantly • Not sending paper questionnaires may reduce response rates • Offering web as an alternative can raise electronic share of responses even when TDE is used as well • Data quality tends to be somewhat higher on web than on paper – mostly because simple errors can be eliminated ICES III - Johan Erikson

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