1 / 29

Hypnosis and Memory

Hypnosis and Memory. Triple Threat Sheila Krogh-Jespersen Victoria Cox Alicia Briganti. Outline:. The Basics Traditional vs. Sociocognitive Perspectives Enhancing Retrieval and the Cognitive Interview. Kihlstrom:.

clove
Download Presentation

Hypnosis and Memory

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Hypnosis and Memory Triple Threat Sheila Krogh-Jespersen Victoria Cox Alicia Briganti

  2. Outline: • The Basics • Traditional vs. Sociocognitive Perspectives • Enhancing Retrieval and the Cognitive Interview

  3. Kihlstrom: • Hypnosis=1 person(subject) acting on suggestions from another person(hypnotist) for imaginative experiences involving alterations in cognition and voluntary action

  4. Posthypnotic Amnesia: • Inability to remember events/experiences which occurred during hypnotism • Temporary • Functional amnesia • Impairs explicit memory

  5. Hypnotic Agnosia: • Disrupts a subject’s semantic/procedural memory • Forget the number 12 • Meaningless word

  6. Hypnotic Hypermnesia: • Performance enhancement • Increase False Recollections • Cognitive Interview

  7. Memory Enhancement and Hypnosis: • Hypnotism increases the number of accurate recollections but…. • It also increase the number of new errors

  8. Hypnotic Age Regression: • Ablation • Reinstatement • Revivification

  9. In the Court and Clinic: • Mock organized-crime execution • Cognitive Interview

  10. Why? • Hypnosis is still used to recover “repressed” memories • Hypnosis impairs explicit memory • Public perceptions of the efficacy of hypnosis may increase the likelihood of memory distortions

  11. The Hypnotic Minidrama

  12. The Two Perspectives • Traditional – • Hypnosis is an altered state of consciousness that enables people to have unusual experiences. • Sociocognitive – • Hypnosis refers to the historically rooted conceptions of situations that are labeled “hypnotic.”

  13. Components of Hypnosis • Phrasing of the hypnotist • Suggestion that specific behavioral responses are emerging automatically

  14. The Social Construction of Hypnosis… • Do you buy it?

  15. Challenges and Fallacies • Behavior of “the hypnotized” and “the requested” does not differ • Increased motivation makes increased suggestibility • Cognitive processes in simulators and non-simulators

  16. Dramatic behaviors • See no evil, hear no evil • Stiff arm syndrome

  17. Are they so dramatic? • Hitting someone? • Taking off clothes? • Running a mile, or 2, or 3?

  18. Hypnotic Amnesia • Automatically occurring • Actively forgetting • Socially responding

  19. Posthypnotic Responding • Implant cues to automatically elicit a suggested response • Context and belief dependent

  20. Hypnosis Creates… • Human Automatons

  21. Enhancing Retrieval and The Cognitive Interview

  22. ACCORDING TO JONES Psychotherapists should: • Educate clients • Choose methods judiciously (Jones, 1999)

  23. EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY • Police techniques • Hypnosis • Cognitive Interview

  24. 4 Basic principles: 1. Event-interview similarity 2. Focused retrieval 3. Extensive retrieval 4. Witness-compatible questioning Temporal sequence: 1. Introduction 2. Free recall 3. Probing stage 4. Review 5. Conclusion COGNITIVE INTERVIEW (Fisher, Geiselman, & Amador, 1989)

  25. FIELD TEST • 16 detectives (1 trained group; 1 untrained group) • Preliminary interviews • Training • Post-training interviews • Analysis

  26. EXPERIMENT • 51 non-students watched videotapes of a crime • Interviewed 48 hours later either by standard interview or cognitive interview • 4 retrieval mnemonics and 5 memory-recovery techniques used in C.I. condition (Geiselman, Fisher, MacKinnon, and Holland, 1986)

  27. RESULTS • More correct items recalled • No difference in # of incorrect items recalled • Fewer questions asked; more efficient

  28. HYPNOSIS VS. the COGNITIVE INTERVIEW • C.I. elicited 33.4% more information than hypnosis (Fisher, Geiselman, Raymond, Jurkevich, & Warhaftig, 1987) • C.I. does not lead to increased error rate • C.I. lessens subjects’ suggestibility to leading questions (Geiselman, Fisher, MacKinnon, & Holland, 1986)

  29. FOOD FOR THOUGHT… • Should the Cognitive Interview be incorporated into the standard training program of all investigative interviewers? • Would it be as effective if the witness is a child? • Would it still be as effective after a long delay? If the event was very traumatic?

More Related