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Diabetes Basics. Understanding Diabetes. Complex disease Digestion breaks down carbohydrates sugar (glucose) Sugar bloodstream Insulin moves sugar into cells for energy. Definition of terms. “blood sugar” = “ blood glucose” you may it hear it used interchangeably.
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Diabetes Basics KBN 2014
Understanding Diabetes • Complex disease • Digestion breaks down carbohydrates sugar (glucose) • Sugar bloodstream • Insulin moves sugar into cells for energy KBN 2014
Definition of terms • “blood sugar” = “ blood glucose” • you may it hear it used interchangeably KBN 2014
Body Function Without Diabetes KBN 2014
Type 1 vs. Type 2 Diabetes No insulin (key) means that sugar cannot enter the cell. Insulin (key) cannot unlock the cell door. Insulin resistance or inability of body to use insulin. KBN 2014
Type 1 Diabetes • Insulin-producing cells are destroyed • Daily insulin replacement necessary • Age at onset: usually childhood, young adulthood • Most common type of diabetes in children and adolescents KBN 2014
Type 1 Diabetes Onset of diabetes: canhappen relatively quickly Symptoms: increased urination, tiredness, weight loss, increased thirst, hunger, dry skin, blurred vision Cause: uncertain, both genetic and environmental factors KBN 2014
Management Goal • Diabetes is managed but does not go away • Goal is to maintain a target glucose range KBN 2014
Diabetes Management Making Diabetes a Part of Life • Insulin/Medication • Physical Activity • Food Intake • Other Factors KBN 2014
What a Child Needs? KBN 2014
What a Child Deals With? Everything that every child deals with + Diabetes KBN 2014
Hypoglycemia Unawareness • Their body can not tell the child the blood sugar is low • “I just feel funny” • The child might simply be distracted • You know a child is just not acting right KBN 2014
Honeymoon Phase • Not all newly diagnosed individuals experience the Honeymoon Phase • Can last for weeks up to 2 years • We can not let our guard down KBN 2014
Example of Target Range For Type 1 Diabetes • Preschool and Kindergarten (3-5 yrs.) • Before meals, blood sugar range 100mg/dl-180 • The target range is always “ordered” by Health Care Provider • School Age (6-12 yrs.) • Before meals, blood sugar range 90mg/dl-180mg/dl • The target range is always “ordered” by the Health Care Provider KBN 2014
Management Priorities Adult involvement Allow for participation in school/peer activities Student learning based on benefits of optimal control Preschool –Middle School (3-12 yrs.) KBN 2014
Example of Target Range For Type 1 Diabetes • Adolescents and young adults (13-19 yrs.) • Before meals 90mg/dL-130mg/dL • Always Health Care Provider Ordered The Art and Science of Diabetes Self-Management Education Desk Reference, 2011 KBN 2014
Management Priorities Later Adolescence 16-19 years Renegotiating adult/teens role in diabetes management Learning coping skills to enhance self management Monitoring for signs of depression, eating disorders, risky behaviors Begin discussion of transition to a new diabetes team Integrating diabetes into new lifestyle Supporting the transition to independence Early Adolescence 13-15 years KBN 2014