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Chemistry Naming and Writing Formulas Guide

Understand nomenclature rules for naming and writing compound formulas in chemistry. Learn about binary and ternary compounds, oxidation numbers, Roman numerals, prefixes, and suffixes to correctly name compounds and write their formulas.

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Chemistry Naming and Writing Formulas Guide

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  1. Nomenclature Naming compounds Writing Formulas

  2. Naming Compounds • Binary Compounds • Compounds that contain two elements • Name the first element • Name the second element using an “ide” ending • Check the oxidation number of the first element • If it has more than one positive value, use a Roman numeral to indicate the number that was used

  3. CaCl2 • Calcium • Calcium chloride • Ca is +2 only • No Roman numeral needed Calcium chloride

  4. CCl4 • Carbon • Carbon chloride • C is -4, +2 and +4 • Since there are two positive choices, use a Roman numeral C Cl4 Carbon IV chloride =0 +4 -4 +4 -1

  5. Naming Compounds • Ternary Compounds • Compounds that contain more than two elements • Polyatomic ion is present • Two or more elements that join together and act like one substance • Found on Table E • Identify the polyatomic used • Name the first substance • Name the second substance • Check the oxidation number of the first element • If it has more than one positive value, use a Roman numeral to indicate the number that was used

  6. K2SO4 • Potassium • Potassium sulfate • Potassium is +1 only • No Roman numeral is needed Potassium sulfate

  7. Cu(NO3) 2 • Copper • Copper nitrate • Copper can be +1 or +2 • Needs a Roman numeral Cu (NO3)2 -2 =0 +2 +2 -1 • Copper II nitrate

  8. NH4Cl • Ammonium • Ammonium chloride • Ammonium ion is +1 • No choice means no Roman numeral needed Ammonium chloride

  9. Prefix System Use a prefix INSTEAD OF a Roman numeral • Mono • 1 only used for the 2nd element • Di • 2elements • Tri • 3 elements • Tetra • 4elements CO2 Carbon dioxide

  10. Suffix System Used INSTEAD OF a Roman numeral • “-ic • Highest oxidation state • “-ous” • Lowest positive oxidation state NiCl2 Nickel II chloride Nickelous chloride

  11. B. Writing Formulas • Use ending to tell if compound is binary or ternary • Binary usually ends in “ide” • [except hydroxide and cyanide] • Ternary usually ends in “ate” or “ite” • Write the symbols • Assign oxidation numbers • Positive atom on left, negative on right • Reduce if possible and “criss-cross” • These numbers become the subscripts of the formula

  12. Strontium phosphide • “ide” means binary • Strontium (Sr) • Phosphide is phosphorus (P) • Sr+2 P-3 Sr3P2

  13. Iron II Oxide • “ide” means binary • Iron (Fe) • Oxide is oxygen (O) • Fe+2 O-2 Fe2O2 reduce FeO

  14. Manganese IV Carbonate • “ate” means ternary • Manganese (Mn) • Carbonate is a polyatomic ion • (CO3-2) • Mn+4 CO3-2 Mn2(CO3 )4 reduce Mn(CO3 )2

  15. Ferrous sulfide • ferr- • represents Fe (iron) • -ous • represents lowest positive state • sulfide • represents sulfur • Fe+2 S-2 • Fe2S2 reduces to • FeS

  16. Diphosphorus trioxide NO CHARGES ASSIGNED NO CRISS-CROSSING Diphosphorus P2 Trioxide O3 Formula P2O3

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