What if you were told…

1. What if you were told… Baby Carrots Warning: A recent email flier warns that baby carrots sold in supermarkets pose a health risk because they're processed in chlorine. Or Cook an egg with your phone: Two Russian scientist recently proved you can cook (hard-boil) an egg by placing it between two cell phones and texting back and forth! Think about the above scenarios, as well as the example you found for homework. What are the main characteristics of such narratives? What type of impact do such characteristics have on the reader and/or listener? Why would an author use this style?

2. Pardoner’s Tale = Exemplum • Exemplum – anecdote inserted into a sermon to teach a moral lesson. • Similar to an urban legend – same characteristics

3. CHARACTERISTICS: • 1. seek to provide a warning (lesson) • 2. use general characters (no specific names) • Ex.) Once this guy… • Ex.) A college student…. • Ex.) Three friends decided…. • 3. Contain unexpected twists (irony) • 4. Contain elements of suspense and horror • 5. Contain ‘graphic’ or memorable resolutions to conflict to make a clear, memorable point.

4. Pardoner’s Tale Context: • Story’s roots are ‘old and widespread” • Basic Theme: Avarice (greed) is the root of all evil • Why is the Pardoner ‘teaching’ this lesson situational irony? • What may be his real motive?

5. THE PARDONER Hair = yellow as wax; Fell thinly like rat tails small voice of a goat "I think he [the Pardoner] was a gelding or a mare"? Is he male or female (gender issues) Entire bag of fake relics to sell Brags about it! = Pride Takes advantage of peoples faith; desperation (Worst in Chaucer’s opinion)

6. The Trickster - tries to manipulate the surroundings to ensure that he/she will win or benefit ASSIGNMENT: (1) Define vocab (2) Read The Pardoner’s Tale (3) Answer all comprehension questions (due at the end of the period)

7. Absolution – formal forgiveness • Pallor – Paleness; white • Sauntered – walk with confidence; stroll • Superfluity - excess • Carouses – party; drink and celebrate noisily • Abominable – disgusting; hateful • Avarice - greed • Covetousness – quality of craving wealth • Perdition – doomed to hell • Beck – summon (subject to fortune’s will); destiny calls

8. Satire • Exemplum • Situational Irony • Dramatic Irony • Symbolism • Characterization (as archetypes) • Foreshadowing • Theme

9. (1) Define vocabulary in context • (2) Answer all guided questions • Due at the end of the period

10. Best submitted legend: The Flat Tire: Two students decide to go skiing for the weekend, and are having such a good time they decide to blow off the calculus exam They decide to tell their professor that they got a flat tire and therefore deserve to take the exam at a rescheduled time. Hearing the story, said professor agrees . At the appointed time, the professor greets them and places them in two separate rooms to take the exam. The few questions on the first page are worth a minor 10% of the overall grade, and are quite easy. Each student grows progressively confident as they take the test, sure that they have gotten away with fooling the professor. However, when they turn to the second page they discover that they really haven't. The only question on the page, worth 90% of the exam, reads: "Which tire?"

11. Who is most at fault for the rioter’s untimely end? • Society - Fate • Religious institutions - Greed • The Old Man - Human nature • The youngest rioter (poison) - All of the above • The two older rioters (hijack) - None of the above • All three rioters • Select one and defend your response with at least two specific textual events.

12. 1.) The Pardoner always preaches against… • Avarice (greed) 2.) The Pardoner admits to the sin of… - Avarice (greed) 3.) The rioters are looking for … - Death because… - He killed their friend

13. 4.) At the grove of trees the men find… - a bushel of gold florins (fortune!) 5.) At the end of the story the three men… - betray one another (double-cross) How did they all end-up dead? - youngest: buys ‘rat’ poison - other two jump and literally/figuratively stab the youngest in the back. - they toast their new, larger fortune; drink poisoned wine; die

14. 6.) What is ironic about the attitudes of the Old Man and the rioters concerning death? Most people avoid death; they seek it Old Man – seek for relief; reveals where to find (yet he can’t die) Rioters – seek for revenge 7.) In lines 120 – 133, w hat personification of Death does the Old Man offer? What does this image convey? - ‘Mother’ = comfort; for some death brings relief

15. 8.) In lines 248 – 254, what is ironic about the young rioter’s reason for buying poison? - “vermin that destroy…” ; dramatic irony - Rats = betrayal (Remember 1984!) 9.) Review line 272 “devil’s clay”, although this is a direct characterization it still needs to be interpreted. Explain this reference (metaphor). - like clay; easily manipulated (changes for greed)

16. 10. Identify and explain a type of dramatic irony used in the story. - Reader’s insight into both murder plans 11. Identify and explain a type of situational irony used in the story. - Narrator’s purpose - How they find death (not in the way they intended) - Fortune brings pain

17. 12. What do you think Chaucer is satirizing in The Pardoner’s Tale? (What may be the REAL lesson?) - Appearances can be deceiving - Do not blindly trust or follow

18. With your Literature Partner: • Complete the Bloom’s Leveled Responses • CHOOSE ANY TWO • Record all work on a separate sheet of paper. • One answer sheet per group.

19. “Who long before the service bell, were sitting in a tavern for a drink.” • Who is referenced in the previous quote? • What indirect characterization is revealed through the quoted statement? • “…Be primed to meet him everywhere you go.” • Lesson from tavern boy’s mother • Rioter’s think = be on guard; defend • Figurative lesson = be a good person

20. “They swore to live and die for one another.” • Ironic = did die for each other (greed; betrayal) • “…Drink and be merry…later there will be a corpse to bury.” • Ironic = toasting their ‘corpse’ – drinking poison

21. Game: • Stand in a circle • Pass the ball • If you miss the ball: • you sit down (out) OR if you feel it was a bad throw – deem it uncatchable and the individual that threw the ball must sit down (out) • Last standing (or those remaining after 10 minutes) pronounced winners!

22. Activating Prior Knowledge: How do you determine if an individual is ‘good’ (ethical / moral) or ‘bad’ (unethical / amoral)? Make a list of 3 factors you use to determine a person’s moral standing. - reputation - adherence to laws - actions - past (motives) - treatment of others - temptations (context) - statements (words)

23. REMEMBER: • In Feminist Criticism, the goal is to evaluate the portrayal of gender roles. (How do characters follow or rebel against the gender roles imposed by society in Pride & Prejudice?) • In Cultural Criticism, the goal is to evaluate the influence of a time period or genre on a text. (What examples of Gothicism are in Frankenstein? or How did WWII influence Lord of the Flies?

24. AKA – Moralist Perspective • In a Ethical Criticism, the goal is to evaluate character motives, actions and relationships for moral lessons. When analyzing literature from this perspective the reader should ask… • What are each character’s responsibilities? How does each character fulfill or ignore their responsibilities? • How do the characters interact with one another? What do such interactions reveal concerning each character’s motives and values? • Who or what is most responsible for conflict(s) and/or resolution(s)?

25. When analyzing literature from this perspective the reader should ask… • How could unpleasant events have been avoided? • What character(s) is best described as evil, unlawful or unjust? Provide an example to defend. • What character(s) is best described as good, innocent or justified? Provide an example to defend. • Ultimately, what is the moral lesson(s) the reader (or viewer) can learn from each character?

26. Complete an ethical criticism on the following clip (may be familiar ) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UYTEFZ4EDsI Andrea’s Story: A Hitchhiking Tragedy http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iBwsUmVBQX4 Saved By the Bell: Day of Detention http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wLrEpKKhthE

27. The Wife of Bath’s Tale in set in the ‘time’ of King Arthur (legendary Britain King) • You will need to understand the following elements of Medieval History to analyze the text, identify allusion and interpret the story’s theme. 1. Role of Christianity as a unifying force 2. Role of military service and loyalty in the preservation of the Feudal System 3. ‘Ideal Knight’ = Chivalry 4. Role of education

29. Mon. – Review The Wife of Bath’s Tale; Read Frederico’s Falcon (RG due at the end of class) Tues. – Middle Ages Review; Cultural Criticism; Elements of Parody; Study Guide Wed. – Review Day Thurs. –Short Story and Middle Ages Exam Fri. – Introduction to Animal Farm

30. Christendom – Church (religion) was a unifying force • 3 Roles of the Church: • 1. publisher, 2. librarian, 3. teacher • The Churchpreserved and transmitted culture. • It was Europe’s chief publisher, librarian, and teacher. • Publisher – created texts, songs for reference • Librarian – transcribes past texts; keep documents and records • Teacher – monasteries served as first universities

31. Feudal System • Greater lords (Kings = own land) • Lesser lords (vassals; knights = live on land) • Military service is the rent • Social system based on loyalty

32. The Crusades • Issued by Urban II • Two main goals: aid Christians in the East; ‘rescue’ Jerusalem • Service = forgiveness • This ‘deal’ leads to concept of ideal knight because knight’s were ‘fighting for God’ • Irony – crusades popularize idea of ‘hero knight’; however, most ended in horrible raiding and looting!

33. Chivalry • Knights ‘rumored’ to be heroes that lived by a strict code of behavior known as the Chivalric Code. The Chivalric Code was… • a system of social laws that were to guide a knight’s behavior • Basics: generous, humble, kind in speech, loyal, help all women, show emotional restraint • Chivalric Code led to a genre of literature known as the Medieval Romance

34. TYPES OF MEDIEVAL LITERATURE: • MEDIEVAL ROMANCE • Popular during the first half of the Middle ages • Idealize the principles of the upper class

35. Characteristics of Medieval Romance: • A tale of high adventure (crusade, knight’s adventure, rescue a lady in distress) • Idealizes chivalry and knights • Plot based on knight’s love for a lady • Imaginary and vague settings • (No true sense of time or location) • Often involves magic / supernatural

36. TYPES OF MEDIEVAL LITERATURE: • CITY LITERATURE • Unifies, inspires and informs middle and lower class • Used to identify corruption and criticize governing forces • Chaucer popularizes (Middle English; printing press)

37. Medieval Law = Ordeals • Guilt or innocent determined by subjecting accused to a painful or impossible task • Based on the premise that God would help the innocent by performing a miracle on their behalf. • Forbidden by Pope Innocent III • Wager of Law replaces ‘ordeal’ • Take oath; 12 people vouch for accused

38. Types of Ordeals: Ordeal by fire (hot coals; boiling oil or lead) Ordeal by hot or cold water (boiling water; submersion) Ordeal by ingestion (poison; twisted substances) Ordeal by torture (confession means guilty) Ordeal by combat (winner = innocent) Ordeal by quest (survive; acquire object; answer question = innocence)

39. Read TheWife of Bath’s Tale and answer all reading guide questions – Completed ReadingDue Today Notes: • Her story belongs to the ‘marriage group’ - explores what men and women ought to do in marriage • Wife of Bath’s Themes: Appearances can be Deceiving; Gender Equality; Benefits of Poverty • The Wife of Bath owned a clothing business in London. She is one of the first and most memorable feminist narrators in satirical fiction. Biblically, it challenges the view that Eve caused the fall of man.

40. Incubus – evil spirit (impregnates women) • Implored - begged • Extort – get by threats and/or violence • Cosseted - pampered • Midas – mythical king; everything he touches turns to gold • Ovid – Roman poet (topics = love; seduction; transformation) • Sovereignty – power (over another) • Bequest – gift left through means of a will • Prowess – outstanding ability • Temporal – earthly; not spiritual • Churl – ill-mannered person; fool

41. Mon. – Review The Wife of Bath’s Tale; Read Frederico’s Falcon (RG due at the end of class) Tues. – Middle Ages Review; Cultural Criticism; Elements of Parody; Study Guide Wed. – Review Day Thurs. –Short Story and Middle Ages Exam Fri. – Introduction to Animal Farm

42. Quick Quiz: • Analyze TheWife of Bath’s Tale through the Feminist Perspective. How does the portrayal of females or males in the story adhere to or rebel against gender stereotypes in the Middle Ages?

43. The Knight committed … • Rape • His original sentence was … • death (beheading!) • The Knight’s second sentence was issued by … • Queen • It stated … • 1yr and 1 day to find “What women most desire” • The Knight and the old woman agree that… • He will do the next thing she asks in exchange for the correct answer

44. The correct answer to the Knight’s question is … • “self-same sovereignty over her husband and her lover” = power • The Knight’s initial response to the payment the woman demands… • Take everything but his ‘love’ = shallow / superficial • The final choice the old woman offers the man is … • Choice #1 – beautiful but unfaithful • Choice #2 – old / ugly but faithful • His response is … • She may choose (he gave her power! She gives him both – beautiful / faithful)

45. What criticism of women does the Wife of Bath offer? • Controlled by emotion (too sensitive / insecure / superficial) • What is the rhetorical purpose of the Wife of Bath’s story about Midas • Women can’t keep a secret; in connection to Ovid reveals everyone has flaws • Explain the irony involved in the answer the Knight receives? • He was guilty of forcing his will upon a woman – the answer reveals they wish to enforce their will upon men

46. Is the Knight’s reaction to the old woman an example of direct or indirect characterization? What does it reveal about his character? • Indirect – shows he is shallow • What point is the narrator making by comparing men to fire? • Fire remains fire no matter where it is; however, men do not inherit gentility – regardless of rank • Paraphrase the old woman’s views concerning poverty. What satirical message may they convey • God chose a life of poverty; not shameful; lesson to learn - kindness

47. Giovanni Boccaccio The Decameron - frame narrative Begins with a description of the Black Death A group of seven women and three men who flee from plague-ridden Florence to a villa for two weeks. To pass the time, each member of the party tells one story for each one of the nights spent at the villa. Sound familiar?

48. Falconry or hawking is a sport which involves the use of trained raptors (birds of prey) to hunt or pursue game for humans. Historically, falconry was a popular sport and status symbol among the nobles of Medieval Europe

49. The story illustrates many varieties of love--courtly, maternal, marital, and even human affection for a pet--and highlights the lengths an individual will go in the pursuit of love. How do we define nobility? Who (or what) is the noblest creature in the tale? Although written around 1350, this story is truly timeless. It has much to suggest about the nature of giving and sacrifice, loss and guilt, fate and redemption, and above all else, love.

50. Federigo lost his wealth because… - squanders it trying to win Giovanna’s love The two stipulations Giovanna’s husband made before he died were… - son is his heir – wife is the heir if the son dies Giovanna wanted the falcon because… - she wants to give it to her ailing son Federigo kills the falcon because… - he feels it is the only worthy dinner for Giovanna The events that lead to Giovanna’s son’s request for the falcon are (1) The boy’s father dies, (2) They move near Federigo’s farm and (3) The boy goes hunting with Federigo