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Journal #1  Brooklyn’s #42

Journal #1  Brooklyn’s #42. 1) Who is this man? 2) What sport did he play? 3) What makes his involvement so pivotal?. Civil Rights Movement. (1955 – 1968). White: YES RED: NO. Civil Rights Movement. D e F acto S egregation segregation that exists by practice and custom Civil Rights

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Journal #1  Brooklyn’s #42

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  1. Journal #1  Brooklyn’s #42 • 1) Who is this man? • 2) What sport did he play? • 3) What makes his involvement so pivotal?

  2. Civil Rights Movement (1955 – 1968) White: YES RED: NO

  3. Civil Rights Movement • De Facto Segregation • segregation that exists by practice and custom • Civil Rights • NAACP • Boycott • Sit-in • Nonviolent Resistance • Civil Disobedience

  4. Montgomery (AL) Bus Boycott • Dec 1, 1955 – Dec 20, 1956 • Rosa Parks refused to get up and move from a row of seats when ordered to by the bus driver • Community leaders organized to make an example of this situation, with Martin Luther King leading the campaign • People walked, took taxis, rode mules or bikes, or hitchhiked in order to avoid taking the bus • King himself was arrested for impeding usage of busses. His trial did nothing but bring the spotlight

  5. Rosa Parks • Feb 4, 1913 – Oct 24, 2005 • Seamstress by occupation • Secretary of the NAACP when arrested • Fined $10 fine + $4 court fee • Presidential Medal of Freedom – 1996 • Congressional Medal of Honor – 1999 • Body laid in state for two days in the Capitol http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/par0bio-1

  6. The Reverend - Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

  7. Martin Luther King Jr. • Jan 15, 1929 Born Atlanta, GA • Morehouse College; PhD from Boston College in Theology • Marries Coretta Scott (King) in 1953 • During the Alabama boycott, his home will be fire bombed

  8. Southern Christian Leadership Conference(SCLC) • Civil Rights group • Martin Luther King Jr. is its 1st president • Churches joining this organization faced threats from the KKK and other groups

  9. Greensboro Sit-In

  10. Greensboro Sit-In • Feb. 1, 1960 • Four African Americans sit at the “WHITES ONLY” counter, and ordered coffee, and were refused • They stayed there until close • Went from four, to 20, to eventually 300 strong.

  11. Greensboro Sit-In • The movement spread to other cities, some violently • Led to Civil Rights Act 1964 – Desegregate Public Areas • “I am deeply sympathetic with the efforts of any group to enjoy the rights of equality that they are guaranteed by the Constitution” – President Eisenhower • (Wilkinson, Doris Yvonne. Black Revolt: Strategies of Protest. Berkeley: McCutchan Publishing Corporation, 1969.)

  12. Brown vs. Board of Education • Ordered the Desegregation of schools in America (1954)

  13. The “Little Rock Nine”

  14. Little Rock Nine • Central High School in Little Rock, AR (1957) • Little Rock school board will approve admission of nine students to the high school • The best overall students (academically/morally) were chosen

  15. Governor & the National Guard • Governor OrvalFaubus (D) • Will order the blockade of the black students • He will meet with President Eisenhower, to no avail

  16. The Little Rock Nine • Melba PattilloBeals (b. 1941) • Minnijean Brown (b. 1941) • Elizabeth Eckford (b. 1941) • Ernest Green (b. 1941) • Gloria Ray Karlmark (b. 1942) • Carlotta Walls LaNier (b. 1942) • Thelma Mothershed (b. 1940) • Terrence Roberts (b. 1941) and • Jefferson Thomas (1942–2010)

  17. Yay Ike; Go Army • President Eisenhower will send the U.S. Army to insure the students be safely allowed into the school • The National Guard will be federalized (Eisenhower will take power away from the governor to control them)

  18. Lost Year • Governor will shut down all high schools for the 1958 school year • A public referendum will support the governor • The Black community will receive the community wrath for preventing students from going to school

  19. Freedom Rides

  20. Freedom Rides • May 4, 1961 • Blacks and Whites travelling into the Deep South in order to test Desegregation policies at stops and cities • They went in two busses • Generally ok in VA, NC, SC • Things went bad in Alabama • Police will conspire with KKK groups in Anniston and Birmingham to allow free access with no police intervention for 15 minutes • One bus had its tires slashed and was firebombed

  21. The second bus is boarded by the KKK and riders are beaten • As they escape the bus, they are greeted by mobs outside with baseball bats and pipes • One hospital will refuse to treat the victims, and they’ll be moved in secret

  22. Whites will be singled out

  23. May 22 – New group arrives to replace those unable to continue (Montgomery, AL) • Kennedy arranges a deal with local leaders • Protect group on the last stretch • Feel free to arrest them on Segregation violations in Jackson, MS

  24. Dr. King’s March on Washington • Aug. 28, 1963

  25. “I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character…”

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