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American History: Key Events and Concepts

Explore key events and concepts in American history from the colonial period to the formation of the U.S. Constitution, including the 8th grade curriculum topics, such as the Declaration of Independence, Revolutionary War, and French Revolution. Learn about important documents and influential movements that shaped the nation.

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American History: Key Events and Concepts

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  1. 8th Grade: Do You Remember! Creating America: Beginnings Through World War I Created by Jim Deschenes

  2. Columbia Exchange • The movement of live things between hemispheres. Created by Jim Deschenes Page 74

  3. Triangular Trade • The transatlantic system in which goods, including slaves were exchanged between Africa, England (Europe) and the colonies in North America. • Middle passage is the part of the triangle that brought slaves to the Americas. Created by Jim Deschenes Page 111

  4. Great Awakening • A religious movement that swept through the colonies in the 1740’s. • Jonathan Edwards preached against the sins of man. • It encouraged democratic Ideals and thoughts of independence. Page 139 Created by Jim Deschenes

  5. Physical Features of the 13 Colonies • New England colonies short growing season, many rivers becomes the strongest economically. • Middle colonies good area for raising cattle. • Southern colonies are the warmest and was best suited for large farms. Created by Jim Deschenes Page 100-102

  6. Declaration of Independence • Written by Thomas Jefferson. • July 4th, 1776 • It declared the new nation was free and independent of England. • Gives the power to rule, to the people. “all men are created equal” “unalienable rights” Created by Jim Deschenes Page 180

  7. Magna Carta • Written in 1215 • Provided the basis for establishing self-government. • King John • Limited the power of the King. Created by Jim Deschenes Page 141

  8. Mayflower Compact • Was the first known type of government in America. • November 11th 1620 • Expresses the ideals of self-government. Document signed on the Mayflower ship. Page 93 Created by Jim Deschenes

  9. English Bill of Rights An agreement signed by William and Mary to respect the rights of English citizens and of Parliament, including the right to free elections. The year was 1689. Page 144 Created by Jim Deschenes

  10. Parliament 8.1.4 • Located in England • Two house’s 1. House of Commons 2. House of Lords • United States copied this system for our Legislative branch. Created by Jim Deschenes Page 142

  11. French and Indian War • A conflict in North America from 1754-1763. • It was a world-wide struggle between England and France. • George Washington fought in this war on the side of the British. Page 147 Created by Jim Deschenes

  12. Salutary Neglect • After the French and Indian War England realized it need money to help pay for the cost of that war. • After years of ignoring (salutary neglect) the colonies, the British government started to impose taxes on its American colonies King George III Page 144 Created by Jim Deschenes

  13. Events Leading to Revolution • The Quartering Act • Sugar Act • Stamp Act • Townshend Acts • Boston Massacre • Boston Tea Party • Intolerable Acts • Lexington and Concord. Page 159-173 Created by Jim Deschenes

  14. Revolutionary War 1775-1783 • The war last 8 years. • French helps America in the war effort. • George Washington leads his troops to victory over Lord Cornwallis of England. Created by Jim Deschenes Page 174-215

  15. French Revolution • The French were inspired by America’s Revolution and their experiment with democracy. • 1789-1799 • Though France helped us in our revolution America did not help France in theirs. Sometimes it is not good to be the King! Created by Jim Deschenes Page 301-302

  16. New State Governments • All 13 newly formed states including the 14th state of Vermont had state constitutions by 1777. • Some shared characteristics are: • No tax dollars for churches • Branches of government • Weak executive branch • All had a republic form of government • Some had a Bill of Rights. Created by Jim Deschenes

  17. Articles of Confederation • First government of the United States. 1777-1787 • No Chief Executive • No power to tax • No national currency • Shay’s Rebellion showed that the Articles of Confederation had a weak central (federal) government. Created by Jim Deschenes Page 222

  18. Northwest Territory • Territory covered by the Land Ordinance of 1785 • States included: • Ohio • Indiana • Michigan • Illinois • Wisconsin Wisconsin Michigan Ohio Indiana Illinois Created by Jim Deschenes Page 223

  19. Northwest Ordinance 1787 • It described how the Northwest Territory would be governed. • There would be no slavery in this territory. • It was one of the successes under the Articles of Confederation. Page 223 Created by Jim Deschenes

  20. Preamble to the Constitution 8.2.2 • The Founding Fathers' intentions regarding the Constitution's meaning and what they hoped the Constitution would achieve. • Is a brief introductory statement of the Constitution's fundamental purposes and guiding principles. Created by Jim Deschenes Page 248

  21. Constitutional Convention • Summer of 1787 • Held in Philadelphia • Washington presided over the convention. • Got rid of Articles of Confederation and created a new document. (U.S. Constitution) Page 228 Created by Jim Deschenes

  22. Seven Principles of the Constitution • Republicanism • Popular Sovereignty • Separation of Powers • Federalism • Limited Government • Checks and Balances • Individual Rights Created by Jim Deschenes Page 244

  23. The Great Compromise A bicameral legislature, two houses. (borrowed from England’s Parliament) Equal representation for the states in one house (Senate) and representation based on population in another. (House of Representatives) Created by Jim Deschenes Page 231

  24. Three-Fifths Compromise • Each slave counted as 3/5th of a person. • For the purpose of levying taxes and the number of representatives. Page 232 Created by Jim Deschenes

  25. Checks and Balances • Delegates were concerned that one branch of government would have more power than the other 2. • The ability for each branch to check or control over the other branches. Created by Jim Deschenes Page 246

  26. Federalism • A system in which the state and federal (national) government share power. Page 234-239 Created by Jim Deschenes

  27. Federalists v. Anti-Federalists • Federalist favored ratification of the constitution. • Anti-federalists opposed ratification of the constitution. Page 305-316 Created by Jim Deschenes

  28. Federalists Papers • Written by John Jay, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton. • Written 1787-1788 • They’re a series of essay's that attempt to convince people to ratify the constitution. Jay--Madison--Hamilton Created by Jim Deschenes Page 235

  29. Bill of Rights • The first ten amendments to the constitution. • A few states would not ratify the new constitution without a Bill of Rights. Created by Jim Deschenes Page 236,247

  30. 1st Amendment to the Constitution • Freedom of Religion • Freedom of Speech • Freedom of the Press • Freedom to peacefully assemble • Freedom to petition the government. Created by Jim Deschenes Page 266

  31. 2nd Amendment • The right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed. • This is the right for Americans to own guns with a permit. Page 267 Created by Jim Deschenes

  32. 4th Amendment • Protects the right to privacy and forbids unlawful searches and seizures. Created by Jim Deschenes Page 267

  33. 5th Amendment • No person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law. Created by Jim Deschenes Page 267

  34. Separation of Church and State • It supported the Establishment Clause and Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment, and freedom of conscience. • The government shall not interfere with the church and the church will have no influence on the government. Keep Separate Jefferson’s Statute for Religious Freedom Created by Jim Deschenes

  35. Creation Two Party Political System • The disagreements between Jefferson and Hamilton in Washington’s administration led to the 2 party system. • Hamilton favored a strong federal government. • Jefferson favored more power to the states. Jefferson & Hamilton Page 295 Created by Jim Deschenes

  36. Whiskey Rebellion • Was a revolt of Pennsylvania corn farmers who wanted to overturn a high tax placed on whiskey. • 1791 • (The first and only time a sitting President lead troops in the field). Washington on his horse “Nelson” Page 300 Created by Jim Deschenes

  37. A Bill • A bill is a proposed law under consideration by a legislature. • A bill does not become law until it is passed by the congress (2/3) and signed by the President. Created by Jim Deschenes Page 252-253

  38. Political Process • Citizens can participate in the political process by 1. Voting 2. Help getting people elected. 3. Join political parties. Created by Jim Deschenes

  39. Alien and Sedition Acts • It gave power to the President to deport any alien he thought was dangerous. • Prohibited printing anything malicious against the government. • It posed a threat to 1st amendment guarantees. Page 306 1791 Created by Jim Deschenes

  40. Marbury v. Madison • Marbury v. Madison is a landmark case in United States law. • It formed the basis for the exercise of judicial review. • It was also the first time in the world that a court invalidated a law by declaring it "unconstitutional." Created by Jim Deschenes Page 317

  41. Free Press • Free press prohibits the government from suppressing embarrassing information. • The Free Press encourages open debate and discussion on public issues. Page 266 Created by Jim Deschenes

  42. George Washington’s Farewell Address 8.4.2 • Washington warned the United States • Avoid foreign entanglements • Political parties that split the nation • A military that was too powerful. September 19th 1796 Created by Jim Deschenes Page 303

  43. Election of 1800 • There was a tie between Jefferson and Aaron Burr. • The House of Representatives vote to break the tie. • After 35 votes, Hamilton who did not like Jefferson or Burr decided Jefferson would be best and threw his support for him and on the 36th vote Jefferson became President. “we are all federalists we are all republicans” Created by Jim Deschenes Page 313

  44. Louisiana Purchase • Bought from France for 15 million dollars. • Gave America control of the port of New Orleans. • 1803 • Doubled the size of the United States. 3 cents acre! Page 319 Created by Jim Deschenes

  45. Lewis and Clark • The main purpose of the expedition was to explore the lands of the Louisiana Purchase. • Sacagawea was their Native American guide. 1804-1806 Created by Jim Deschenes Page 320

  46. Chief Tecumseh • In 1809 he tried to unite Native Americans to stop expansion into their lands from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico. Page 328 Created by Jim Deschenes

  47. President James Monroe • His presidency was known as the “Era of good feelings.” • Economy was growing • Manufacturing was growing • Industrial Revolution was developing. 1817-1825 Page 356 Created by Jim Deschenes

  48. Monroe Doctrine • The United States would not allow any European colonization in the Western hemisphere. September 2, 1823 Created by Jim Deschenes Page 360

  49. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow • Poet • Wrote Hiawatha, Paul Reveres’ Ride and the Courtship of Miles Standish. Created by Jim Deschenes Page 430

  50. James Fenimore Cooper • Writer • Wrote The Last of the Mohicans. • Wrote about life on the American frontier. Page 429 Created by Jim Deschenes

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