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Government Response

Government Response. Section 17.3. Let’s Review:. Plessy v. Ferguson Brown v. Board of Education Thurgood Marshall Little Rock Nine Rosa Parks Montgomery Bus Boycott Sit-Ins Jail, Not Bail. S.N.C.C. Capture from Peter Jennings on SNCC.

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Government Response

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  1. Government Response Section 17.3

  2. Let’s Review: • Plessy v. Ferguson • Brown v. Board of Education • Thurgood Marshall • Little Rock Nine • Rosa Parks • Montgomery Bus Boycott • Sit-Ins • Jail, Not Bail

  3. S.N.C.C. Capture from Peter Jennings on SNCC

  4. Describe JFK’s dilemma regarding civil rights in the 1960 Presidential election. How did he deal with it? Below: John F. Kennedy in 1960 • Needed both the black vote in North and segregationist vote in South • Chose LBJ (Texas) as VP • Endorsed sit-ins • Promised to sponsor civil rights bill • Used influence to get MLK released from prison

  5. Describe Kennedy’s Civil Rights policy as President: Below: JFK meets with MLK • Mixed at best • Failed to back civil rights bill • Would have required desegregation by ’63 • Did little to enfranchise blacks • Made symbolic (token) gestures • Invited African Americans to White House • Appointed a number to his administration

  6. Who were the Freedom Riders and what was their mission? Below: Map of freedom rides through South; bottom: burning Greyhound bus • Interracial bus passengers who wanted to test Supreme Court ruling which called for integrating bus stations • Riders were attacked, bus firebombed • Interstate Commerce Commission called for desegregation Sept 1961 • Real purpose was to force JFK to take a stand!!

  7. Black Americans remember racism they experienced decades before… Capture from clip on racism and segregation

  8. What was the Voter Education Project? • Group started by RFK to get blacks registered to vote • Members of SNCC helped African Americans fill out lengthy forms and accompanied them to registration office • Most still unable to register • Altered registration date, spelling mistake, administer impossible test, flunk because they did or did not fill in “Mr.” or “Mrs.” • Churches (used to register) were firebombed Above: SNCC button; below: MLK with Robert Kennedy

  9. Why is Birmingham, Alabama significant to the Civil Rights movement? • Extreme segregationism swung U.S. public opinion towards King and the Civil Rights Movement • Parks, playgrounds, public pools, etc. were closed by officials rather than integrate them • MLK led series of demonstrations which included children as young as six! • Brutally put down by Police Chief “Bull” Connor (dogs, fire hoses) • Letter from Birmingham Jail (1963) • Answered white ministers who said he was pushing too far too fast • “Justice too long delayed is justice denied.” • Thousands upon thousands joined movement Above: “Bull” Connor; below: MLK in jail

  10. Bull Connor’s Birmingham Capture from clip on Birmingham

  11. What was the March on Washington (8/28/63)? • Massive Civil Rights demonstration that called for the passage of the Civil Rights Act • High tide of movement • What does this phrase imply? • Featured MLK’s “I have a Dream” speech • More than 200,000 strong Above: D.C. Mall is packed to hear King

  12. March on Washington Remembered Capture from clip on the March to DC and King’s speech

  13. What is the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and why did LBJ have trouble getting it passed in Congress? • Law which ended segregation in US and allowed federal government to prosecute violators • Southern Senators planned filibuster • Senate technique of blocking passage of bill by delaying vote • Ended when Illinois senator supported LBJ • “No army can withstand the strength of an idea whose time has come.” Above: LBJ signs Civil Rights Act; below: LBJ and JFK

  14. Describe the significance of Selma, Alabama of March 7, 9, 1965. • Planned march to Montgomery, Al. to demand enforcement of 15th Amendment • Brutally halted by Sheriff Jim Clark at Edmund Pettus Bridge • 100 state troopers used tear gas, clubs to keep marchers from entering Selma • MLK led 2nd march but turned back on bridge • Led to passage of Voting Rights Act (1965) • Ended literacy and other ‘requirements’ for voting

  15. The Selma March of 1965 and George Corley Wallace Capture from clip on Selma march

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