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TYPES OF RESPIRATION

TYPES OF RESPIRATION. AEROBIC & ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION. RESPIRATION. The two types of respiration are distinguished by the presence or absence of oxygen

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TYPES OF RESPIRATION

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  1. TYPES OF RESPIRATION AEROBIC & ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

  2. RESPIRATION • The two types of respiration are distinguished by the presence or absence of oxygen • Not all living things need oxygen to survive and even those who do can often continue cellular activities with small amounts of oxygen present.

  3. AEROBIC RESPIRATION • Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen. • The products of aerobic respiration are carbon dioxide, water and ATP. • One glucose molecule (C6H12O6) can produce 36 ATP molecules. The following formula summarizes the reactions involved in aerobic respiration: C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 36 ADP + 36Pi ͢ 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP

  4. AEROBIC RESPIRATION • During aerobic respiration, a larger number of hydrogen atoms are removed from glucose molecules than in anaerobic respiration. • Every time a hydrogen atom is released an electron enters the electron transport chain. • This allows aerobic respiration to produce more energy in the form of ATP than anaerobic respiration.

  5. AEROBIC RESPIRATION • Oxygen is so important to this process because it is the final acceptor in the electron transport chain; without it the process would stop.

  6. ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION • Anaerobic respiration takes place in the absence of oxygen. • There are two types of anaerobic respiration: lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation

  7. Lactic Acid Fermentation • Lactic acid fermentation occurs in the cells of animals, in particular in the hardworking muscle cells. • Glucose is partially broken down into lactic acid and energy is released in the process.

  8. Lactic Acid Fermentation • Due to the fact that glucose is only partially broken down, many hydrogen atoms are still attached to the glucose molecules which means there is energy left over that has not been released.

  9. Lactic Acid Fermentation • Due to the fact that only a few chemical bonds are broken during lactic acid fermentation only 2 molecules of ATP are produced. • If oxygen was available, the lactic acid (C3H6O3) could be oxidized (more hydrogen removed) and more energy could be released.

  10. Lactic Acid Fermentation • During strenuous exercise lactic acid can accumulate in the muscles when insufficient amounts of oxygen are being delivered to the muscles. • An accumulation of lactic acid causes pain and cramping in the area which will increase and intensify if exercise continues.

  11. Alcoholic Fermentation • Alcoholic fermentation occurs in the cytoplasm of yeast cells. • Alcoholic fermentation also only produces 2 molecules of ATP. • During alcoholic fermentation an enzyme is used to break down glucose molecules and the result is carbon dioxide (CO2) and alcohol (C2H5OH).

  12. Alcoholic Fermentation • Yeast is used to make bread due to the fact that the carbon dioxide gas released during fermentation causes the bread to rise. The alcohol released evaporates during the baking process.

  13. Alcoholic Fermentation • Yeast is also used in the brewing industry for alcoholic beverages. • Champagne bubbles due to the release of CO2 gas.

  14. Alcoholic Fermentation • The alcohol molecules still contain most (93%) of the energy that was originally found in the glucose molecule. • Alcohol could be used as a very valuable and clean source of fuel for energy and transportation. • Alcohol can be burned in the presence of oxygen and the result is a clean fuel with by products of carbon dioxide and water.

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