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Optical Network: CERNET's Experience and Future Plans

Explore CERNET, China's academic Internet backbone, from its inception to current operations. Learn about its vast network coverage, user statistics, high-speed backbone project, and future goals. Gain insights into bandwidth challenges, IP address estimation, and network security needs. Discover how CERNET manages network congestion and plans for continued growth in the optical networking realm.

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Optical Network: CERNET's Experience and Future Plans

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  1. Optical network CERNET's experience and prospective Xing Li , Congxiao Bao 2004-02

  2. Outline • CERNET Introduction • CERNET Operation Experience • Link Bandwidth and IP address Estimation • Next Generation Plan • Conclusion

  3. Introduction • China Education and Research Network (CERNET) is the first and largest academic Internet backbone in China. • The CERNET project was started in 1994.

  4. CERNET Statistics (1) • 8national Pops are connected via 2.5Gbps DWDM links • 30 provincial Pops are connected via multiple 155Mbps SDH links • 38GigaPops distributed in 36cities, covering all the provinces in Mainland China. • 300 campus networks connect to their nearest Pops via 100Mbps-1Gbps links. • 1,200 education and research institutions connected and provide Internet connectivity • 12 million users • 320 million students/school kids

  5. CERNET Statistics (2) Member Hosts Users

  6. CERNET Statistics (3)

  7. CERNET Topology

  8. CERNET Performance Matrix

  9. CERNET Link History • 1995 • 64K leased lines link to 8 regional network centers • 1996 • 512K leased lines link to 8 regional network centers • 9.6K X.25 or 64K leased line to 28 provincial centers • 1997 • 3.7M point-to-point satellite link to 8 regional network centers • 64K point-to-point satellite link to 12 remote provincial centers • 1999 • 155M SDH link to 8 regional network centers

  10. CERNET High-Speed Backbone Project (1) • CERNET High-Speed Backbone Project was completed in 2001. • This project using more than 20,000KM dark fiber to build CERNET's own transport network. • It is a network with 40 Gbps (16 x 2.5 Gbps) capacity and provides 2.5Gbps Internet connectivity to 8 GigaPops and multiple 155Mbps Internet connectivity to 16 cities. • CERNET has Pops in 36 cities covering all the provincial capitals and some big cities. • There were about more than 1000 universities connected.

  11. 沈阳 哈尔滨 天津 北京 大连 济南 太原 石家庄 青岛 郑州 重庆 南京 上海 成都 武汉 合肥 南昌 杭州 长沙 桂林 南宁 厦门 福州 广州 昆明 深圳 海口 CERNET High-Speed Backbone Project (2)

  12. 长春 哈尔滨 49 47 I D 48 9 沈阳 46 呼和浩特 北京 大连 16 13 5 乌鲁木齐 14 22 7 11 天津 银川 石家庄 21 青岛 17 西安 15 西宁 19 济南 太原 20 39 18 1 4 兰州 38 D 上海 10 郑州 合肥 37 南京 36 40 34 6 41 武汉 3 杭州 成都 南昌 23 重庆 25 42 44 8 长沙 26 贵阳 2 37 拉萨 福州 24 35 桂林 45 27 昆明 31 广州 厦门 32 28 南宁 30 29 深圳 D 海口 CERNET High-Speed Backbone Project (3)

  13. Current Architecture (4) Router Cisco Router Cisco 155M SDH 16x155M Lucent 2.5G 2.5G DWDM 16x2.5G Lucent Dark Fiber

  14. CERNET High-Speed Backbone Project (5)

  15. OLS80G OLS80G (Ring2) 1c 1c ADM16/1 To Beijing To Hefei 6x155M(e) +4x155M(e) 9c 9c 2c 3c (Ring1) 2x155Me) (Ring3) OLS80G OLS80G 3c ADM16/1 2c ADM16/1 To Guangzhou To Chengdu ADM16/1 5x155M(e) 3x155M(e) 4x155M(e) 4x155M(e) 3c 9c 1c 2.5G To Beijing 4c OLS80G OLS80G 9c 2.5G To Nanjing 2c 2.5G To Guangzhou 1c 4c To University 2.5G To Chengdu 3c 9c 3c ADM16/1 Timing TSG3800 PRR-10 GSP 48VPower 2c 9x155M(o) +5x155M(o) +4x155M(o) Typical Site Configuration Example

  16. 10000000 100000 1000 CERNET US 10 0.1 0.001 Dec-94 Dec-96 Dec-98 Dec-00 Dec-02 Bandwidth Comparison

  17. CERNET Operation Experience • Bandwidth is never enough • Protection can be done in layer 3 • Unified network management system is desirable • Flow control and security is essential

  18. Bandwidth is never enough • But after 3 to 12 months, the links were congested again and the users were shouting for a higher bandwidth. It seems that the optical network is the only solution.

  19. 沈阳 哈尔滨 长春 银川 西宁 乌鲁木齐 太原 呼和浩特 北京 天津 大连 石家庄 济南 兰州 西安 青岛 郑州 重庆 武汉 南京 成都 上海 合肥 昆明 贵阳 拉萨 南昌 杭州 长沙 广州 南宁 福州 厦门 深圳 桂林 海口 Protection can be done in layer 3

  20. Unified network management system is desirable

  21. Flow Control and Security is Essential

  22. Link Bandwidth and IP Address Estimation • University Connectivity Demand • School connectivity Demand • Economical Considerations

  23. University Connectivity Demand • 16 Million students enrolled in 2003 universities and institutes located in more than 260 cities in Mainland China in year 2002. • The average number of enrollment per university/institute is about 8,000 students. • If 1 Mbps connectivity is required per student, an average sized campus network will need about 8 Gbps of aggregated bandwidth. • When 80 vs. 20 rule applied, the CERNET backbone should provide 4 Tbps aggregated bandwidth reaching more than 260 cities. • For one IP address per student assignment, 1 /8 space is needed.

  24. School connectivity Demand • The student population in Mainland China is about 300 Million in 2002. There are about 1.2Million schools. • If 0.5 Mbps connectivity is required per head with 80 vs. 20 rule applied, the CERNET backbone should provide 30 Tbps aggregated bandwidth. • For one IP address per head assignment, 19 /8 spaces are needed.

  25. Economical Considerations • The calculated bandwidth should be provided with affordable price, which should be able cover • the link to the global Internet • the port to other Internet backbone in China • the construction and operation CERNET backbone • the metropolitan networks and the campus networks • What can be collected • University student 30 RMB/month • School kids 3 RMB/month

  26. Next Generation Plan • CERNET optical infrastructure upgrade plan • CNGI and CERNET2 plan • Next Generation Network Exchange Point DragonTap • IPv6 Service • Multicast Service • Advanced Applications

  27. CERNET optical infrastructure upgrade plan (1) • 5 Gbps to 5 cities, 2.5Gbps to 20 cities 数字图书馆 其他各种 重点学科 大型仪器设备 及 教育信息化 信息服务体系 共享 中美图书百万册 应用 教育科研网格 ChinaGrid CERNET IDS CERNET IP Backbone CERNET Transport

  28. 沈阳 长春 哈尔滨 银川 西宁 乌鲁木齐 太原 呼和浩特 北京 天津 济南 大连 兰州 石家庄 青岛 西安 合肥 郑州 南京 上海 昆明 贵阳 拉萨 武汉 成都 重庆 南昌 杭州 长沙 广州 厦门 福州 南宁 深圳 桂林 海口 CERNET optical infrastructure upgrade plan (2)

  29. Global IPv6 6IX GigaPoP 1 2 n 主干网 主干网 主干网 GigaPoP GigaPoP GigaPoP GigaPoP GigaPoP GigaPoP MAN MAN MAN CPN CPN CPN CPN CPN CNGI Backbones

  30. 用户接入网 用户接入网 用户接入网 沈阳 哈尔滨 长春 北京 天津 用户接入网 用户接入网 用户接入网 济南 大连 用户接入网 用户接入网 用户接入网 兰州 西安 郑州 成都 重庆 武汉 合肥 南京 上海 用户接入网 用户接入网 用户接入网 用户接入网 用户接入网 用户接入网 杭州 长沙 用户接入网 用户接入网 10 G 2.5G 广州 厦门 用户接入网 用户接入网 CERNET2 plan • 10 Gbps to 5 cities, 2.5Gbps to 20 cities

  31. Next Generation Network Exchange Point DragonTap

  32. Advanced Applications

  33. Conclusions • China is a developing country, the education modernization is the key for its future development. • Providing Internet connectivity to all the universities and schools is one of the major step in the modernization process. • CERNET architecture board is planning to upgrade the national backbone, the metropolitan networks and the campus networks again for higher performance and better manageability for affordable cost. • The scalability of providing Internet services to all the educational population in Mainland China is the key of success.

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