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OPPORTUNISTIC MYCOSES. OPPORTUNISTIC MYCOSIS. MOLD ASPERGILLOSIS ZYGOMYCOSIS YEAST CRYPTOCUCCOSIS CANDIDIASIS. ASPERGILOSIS. Aspergillus Saprophyte Recycling Carbon & Nitrogen Decaying organic material 900 species. ASPERGILOSIS. Opportunistic Human & Animal A.fumigatus A.flavus
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OPPORTUNISTIC MYCOSES
OPPORTUNISTIC MYCOSIS • MOLD • ASPERGILLOSIS • ZYGOMYCOSIS • YEAST • CRYPTOCUCCOSIS • CANDIDIASIS
ASPERGILOSIS • Aspergillus • Saprophyte • Recycling • Carbon & Nitrogen • Decaying organic material • 900 species
ASPERGILOSIS • Opportunistic • Human & Animal • A.fumigatus • A.flavus • A.niger • Conidia 2-3 μInhalation • Nosocomial infection
ASPERGILOSIS • Cystic fibrosis • Immune compromise • Atopic Asthma • Hematological patients
ASPERGILOSIS • Increase • Diagnosis • Antifungal therapy
ASPERGILOSIS • Allergic • Pulmonary • Cutaneous • Disseminated • Miscellaneous • Iatrogenic
Allergic • Asthma • IgE & Eosinophil ( increase) • ABPA • IgE & Eosinophil ( increase) • Alveolitis • Hypersensitivity type III
Pulmonary • Invasive • Lymphoma & Leukemia • Secondary infection • Invasive to vessels Infarction & Dead • Non invasive • Cavity Colonization • Fungus ball (Aspergilloma) • Hemaptosis
Cutaneous • Rare • 1st • Onychomycosis • Burning • IC • 2nd • Dissemination
Disseminated • Brain • Kidney
Miscellaneous • Otomycosis • Keratomycosis • Sinusitis
Iatrogenic • Materials • Instruments • Aero cells • Air conditioner
Pathogenesis & Defense factors • Cell wall • Melanin • Catalase • Fungal metabolites • Super oxide dismutase
Cell wall • Interface • Ag & Enzymes • Protection • Cell wall of Conidia • Cell wall of Hyphae
Cell wall of Conidia • 2 part • Dense pigmented (out) • DHN (Dihydroxy Naphthalene Melanin) • Translucent (in) • Protection • Phagositosis
Cell wall of Hyphae • Component • Β 1-3 glucan • Galactomanan • Chitin • Role • Protection (PMN) • Enzyme (catalase) • Ag (Galactomanan & β1-3 glucan)
Galactomanan • Special for A.fumigatus • Serum, Urine, BAL • Monoclonal Ab
Melanin • Dihydroxy Phenylalanin (DOPA) • Dihydroxy Naphthalene (DHN) • Free radicals
Catalase • Hydrogen peroxide • Expression • Starvation & Sexual reproduction
Fungal metabolites • Toxins • Epithelial damage • Gliotoxin • Fumagilin • Helvolic acid
Super oxide dismutase • Virulence factor • Surveillance • Neu • Mac
Cellular immunity • T cell very important • Gamma INF( first cytokine) • IL4, IL2, TNFα • Cystic fibrosis ABPA • Innate
Laboratory diagnosis • Sampling • Sputum, BAL, Serum, Urine • KOH 10% • ELISA • Dichotomous
Serology • ELISA based Ab (galactomann)
Treatment • Amphotricin B • 5 flurocytosin
Zygomycosis • Phycomycosis • Hyphomycosis • Mucormycosis • Rhizopus • R. oryzea, R. arrhizus • Absidia • A. corymbifera ( 42°- 45°) • Mucor
Zygomycosis • Opportunistic • Very dangerous • Acute • Lethal
Zygomycosis • Para nasal sinuses • Lung • Eye • Ear • Skin • Alimentary
Zygomycosis • Diabetic • Blood cancer • Sever burning • Malnutrition
Zygomycosis • Rhinocerbral • Pulmonary • Gastrointestinal • Cutaneous
Rhinocerbral • Diabetic • Nose & Para nasal • Discharge • Black & blood • Eye
Pulmonary • Like the other pulmonary • Pain • Sputum • Aspiration & inhalation • Mucoroma
Gastrointestinal • Diahria • Haematemsis • Peritonitis • Stool (blood) • Malnutrition
Cutaneous • Burning • Rare
Laboratory diagnosis • Sampling • Biopsy • Culture • S • Direct • Ribbon like
Treatment • Control • Amphotricin B • Autopsy
YEAST INFECTIONS • Candida • Cryptococcus • Malassezia • Trichosporon • Rhodotorula • Geotricum ( Mold )
CANDIDIASIS • Candida species • Yeast like • True hyphae • Reverse dimorph
CANDIDIASIS • C.albicans • Normal flora • C.glabrata • C.dubliniensis • C.parapsilosis • Nature ( soil ) • Lactobacillus
CANDIDIASIS • Physiologic • Antibiotic • Diabetic