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RSV

Respiratory Syncytial Virus. RSV. Breanna Fretwell. By: Breanna Fretwell. History of RSV. discovered in 1956 one of the most common causes of childhood illness a member of the family paramyxoviridae and the subfamily pneumovirinae

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RSV

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  1. Respiratory Syncytial Virus RSV Breanna Fretwell By: BreannaFretwell

  2. History of RSV • discovered in 1956 • one of the most common causes of childhood illness • a member of the family paramyxoviridae and the subfamily pneumovirinae • it is an enveloped rna virus and two strains (subgroups a and b) are recognized

  3. Case Study – Twin A • Our patient is an ex-36 wk, now 1-month old (twin A) girl with a 3-day history of cough and nasal congestion. • She presented to her PMD with decreased activity, sleepiness, cough and nasal congestion • On the day of her admission, she was seen by her doctor and noted to be hypothermic to 101.3 F, lethargic • She was admitted for further evaluation and treatment.

  4. Because of her nasal discharge and cough, RSV and Flu-A nasal washings were sent. • Nasopharyngeal washing for RSV was positive • The team initiated racemic epinephrine and nasal suctioning • Her respiratory symptoms resolved over the course of a week • The child was discharged home

  5. Morphology

  6. FAMILY SUBFAMILY Paramyxoviridae Pneumovirinae

  7. Virulence • Nucleocapsidprotein • associates with genomic RNA • protects the RNA from nuclease digestion • Requirement for a neutral pH for fusogenic activity. • The cell attachment proteins • span the viral envelope • project from the surface as spikes • bind to proteins on the surface of target cells to facilitate cell entry • Can survive on hard surfaces such as tables and crib rails for many hours • Softer surfaces like tissues and clothes for shorter period of time

  8. What does RSV do? • Attacks: • Mucous membranes of nose and throat especially trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli • Speed: • 3-5 day incubation; progression over 1-7 days • Who does it affect? • Can affect anyone of any age. The severest infections usually occur in infants, the elderly, or people with weakened immune systems

  9. RSV can cause: • upper respiratory infections (such as colds) • lower respiratory tract infections (such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia). • In children under 1 year of age, RSV is the most important cause of bronchiolitis, an inflammation of the small airways in the lung. • Show symptoms within 4 to 6 days of infection. Most recover in 1 to 2 weeks • Even after recovery, very young infants and children with weakened immune systems can continue to spread the virus for 1 to 3 weeks.

  10. How RSV affects human cells

  11. How do you catch RSV? • often introduced into the home by school-aged children who have a mild upper respiratory tract infection, such as a cold. • RSV can be spread when droplets containing the virus are sneezed or coughed into the air by an infected person • direct and indirect contact with nasal or oral secretions from infected persons. • Direct contact: wiping childs nose • Indirect contact: touching door knob that the person with RSV touched and then wiping your eyes, nose or mouth

  12. How do you know if you have it? • Nasopharyngeal washing for RSV • Dr. cultures a sample of mucous from your nose • Usually diagnosed by symptoms and by knowing whether there is an outbreak of the infection in your area

  13. Prevention • Wash your hands often • Disinfect hard surfaces • Do not share cups or eating utensils • Isolate person with RSV

  14. Treatment • Palivizumab • Drug for the prevention of RSV in high risk people • Does not lessen the infection if it has already been transmitted • Drug treatments are in progress, but none are available yet • Prop up your child's head to make it easier to breathe and sleep. • Suction your baby's nose if he or she can't breathe well enough • Infection will go away on its own in a week or so

  15. Prevalence of RSV • Almost all children will have had an RSV infection by their second birthday. • When infants and children are exposed to RSV for the first time, 25% to 40% of them have signs or symptoms of bronchiolitis or pneumonia, and 0.5% to 2% will require hospitalization. • Most children hospitalized for RSV infection are under 6 months of age. • Specific number of people with this infection is unknown, but about 125,000 per year diagnosed • In temperate climates, tends to be an epidemic during winter season • In tropical climates, tends to be an epidemic during rainy season

  16. In the United States…

  17. In Oregon…

  18. Why is RSV important? • RSV will affect the majority of people in their lifetimes at least once if not multiple times • Anybody of any age can get RSV • Though many cases are not serious, they are just seriously uncomfortable, some cases are very serious with the possibility or occuring of death. If death is even a possibility, it should be researched

  19. References • Case Presentation: Respiratory Synctial Virus (RSV) Infection. Sutter Health CPMC. May 2003. Accessed July 14, 2013. http://www.cpmc.org/advanced/pediatrics/physicians/pedpage-503rsv.html • History of RSV. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. January 14, 2010. Accessed July 15, 2013. http://www.cdc.gov/rsv/research/history.html • SpringerReference. Pneumovirus. 2013. Accessed July 14, 2013 http://www.springerreference.com/docs/html/chapterdbid/311139.html • Stanford edu. 2000. Accessed July 15, 2013. http://www.stanford.edu/group/virus/rhabdo/2000/RSV.html • Center for Disease Control and Prevention. January 14, 2010. Accessed July 15, 2013. http://www.cdc.gov/rsv/about/symptoms.html

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