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2. Table of Contents Definition of Assistive Technology Public Laws Human Function Model Implications of the Model Assistive Technology Continuum Functions Enhanced Through Assistive Technology Assistive Technology Information Sources TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

3. Definition of Assistive Technology Definition Assistive Technology refers to the devices and services that can help people with disabilities improve their ability to function in their environment. Assist means to help Assistive devices help people with disabilities perform a given task Adapt means to change Adaptive devices modify the environment for people with disabilities TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

4. Public Laws 1973-Section 504 Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act (PL 93-103) 1988-Tech Act Technology-Related Assistance for Individuals with Disabilities Act (PL 101-336) 1990-ADA Americans with Disabilities Act (PL 101-336) 1990-IDEA Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (PL 101-476) 1997-IDEA Reauthorization of IDEA (PL 105-17) TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

5. Public Laws: 1973-Section 504 • A civil rights statute which provides that “No otherwise qualified individual with disabilities in the United States…shall, solely by reason of his/her disability, be excluded from the participation, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving federal financial assistance…” (29 USC 749). • “Levels the playing field”-to eliminate impediments to full participation by persons with disabilities. TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

6. Public Laws: 1988-Tecnology-Related Assistance for Individuals with Disabilities Act • Under the provisions of this law, financial assistance was provided to states through competitive grants to plan and implement a consumer responsive system of technology services for individuals of all ages with disabilities. • Defined assistive technology devices and assistive technology services, and identified them as part of the continuum of services for persons with disabilities. TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

7. Public Laws: 1990-Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) • While Section 504 applies only to organizations that receive federal funding, ADA provides civil rights protection against discrimination to citizens with disabilities in private sector employment and access to: • public services • transportation • telecommunications TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

8. Public Laws: 1990-Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) • Amendments to 94-142 renamed IDEA (PL 101-476) • Definitions of AT devices and services were adopted: • Assistive Technology Devices • “Assistive technology devices means any item, piece of equipment, or product system, whether acquired commercially off a shelf, modified, or customized, that is used to increase, maintain, or improve the functional capabilities of children with disabilities.” • Assistive Technology Services • “Assistive technology service means any service that directly assists a child with a disability in the selection, acquisition, or use of an assistive device.” TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

9. Public Laws: 1990-IDEA (continued) Assistive Technology Services Includes - a) the evaluation of the needs of a child with a disability, including a functional evaluation of the child in the child’s customary environment; b) purchasing, leasing, or otherwise providing for the acquisition of assistive technology devices by children with disabilities; c) selecting, designing, fitting, customizing, adapting, applying, maintaining, repairing, or replacing of assistive technology devices; TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

10. Public Laws: 1990-IDEA (continued) Assistive Technology Services Includes - d) coordinating other therapies, interventions, or services with assistive technology devices, such as those associated with existing education and rehabilitation plans and programs; e) training assistance for a child with or, if appropriate, that child’s family, and; f) training or technical assistance for professionals (including individuals providing education or rehabilitation services), employers, or other individuals who provide services to employ, or are otherwise substantially involved in the major life functions of children with disabilities. (IDEA, P.L. 105-17, Section 1401 (a)(26). TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

11. Public Laws: 1990-IDEA (continued) • The regulations require each school district to ensure that assistive technology devices or services, or both, are made available to a student with a disability in order to receive a free and appropriate public education (FAPE). • Assistive technology must be provided as part of the student’s: • special education • related services or • supplementary aids and services as described on the Individual Education Program (IEP). TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

12. Public Laws: 1997-IDEA • Addition of consideration component requires that AT devices or services must be considered for all students in the IEP planning process. TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

13. Assistive Technology Continuum=Consider a range of AT from “no tech” to “high tech”. A “high tech” solution is not always appropriate. High Tech Incorporates sophisticated electronics or computers TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

14. Assistive Technology Continuum Medium Tech Relatively complicated mechanical devices, such as switches and wheelchairs. TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

15. Assistive Technology Continuum Low Tech Less sophisticated than Medium Tech devices and can include items such as adapted spoon handles, non-tipping drinking cups and Velcro fasteners. TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

16. Assistive Technology Continuum “No” Tech Solutions make use of procedures, services, and existing conditions in the environment without the use of devices or equipment. TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

17. Human Function Model Functional Orientation Scenario . . . Bobby Penn is a 10 year old fourth grader who receives services from the LBD resource teacher. Bobby’s verbal expression is above average, however, his written expression, including grammar and spelling skills, are on the beginning second grade level. His teacher is concerned that his writing portfolio entries will not reflect his capabilities. How can assistive technology help? TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

18. Human Function Model: Environment & Content TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

19. Human Function Model: Analyze F. Demands TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

20. Human Function Model: Explore Options TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

21. Human Function Model: Personal Resources TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

22. Human Function Model: External Supports TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

23. Human Function Model: Personal Perceptions TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

24. Human Function Model: Explore Options TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

25. Human Function Model: Select Functional Response TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

26. Human Function Model: Personal Changes TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

27. Human Function Model: Evaluation & Feedback TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

28. Human Function Model: TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

29. Application of Human Function Model • Identifies factors that should be considered in making decisions about assistive technologies and how these factors relate to each other. • Provides direction for those making referrals, conducting assessments, providing consultation, and developing IEPs. • Guides decisions about instructional strategies and delivery of services. TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

30. Functional Areas Enhanced ThroughAssistive Technology Existence Communication Body Support, Protection and Positioning Travel and Mobility Environmental Interaction Education and Transition Sports, Fitness and Recreation TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

31. Existence Problems in Existence are associated with the functions needed to sustain life. Possible Solutions: • Adapted utensils • Dressing aids • Adapted toilet seats • Toilet training TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

32. Existence Determining an Objects Color TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

33. Existence Adapted Utensils TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

34. Existence Winsford Feeder TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

35. Existence Adapted Hairbrush TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

36. Existence Retrofit Toilet Seat TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

37. Communication Problems in Communication are associated with the functions needed to receive, internalize, and express information, and to interact socially. Possible Solutions: • Hearing amplifiers • Captioned video • Speech aids • Sign language training • Picture boards • Pointers • Writing and drawing aids • Alternative input and output devices for computers • Speech/language services TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

38. Communication Communication Board TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

39. Communication Dynamic Display TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

40. Communication Communication Software TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

41. Communication Braille Printer TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

42. Communication Communication Device TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

43. Body Support, Protection and Positioning • Prone stander • Furniture adaptation • Support harness • Stabilizers Problems in Body Support, Alignment and Positioning are associated with the functions needed to stabilize, support, or protect a portion of the body. Possible Solutions: • Slings • Head gear • Physical therapy services TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

44. Body Support, Protection and Positioning Wheelchair Supports TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

45. Body Support, Protection and Positioning Rocking Chair TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

46. Body Support, Protection and Positioning Per Mobil TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

47. Body Support, Protection and Positioning Shower Chair (no movie) TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

48. Travel and Mobility Problems in Travel and Mobility are associated with the functions needed to move horizontally or vertically. Possible Solutions: • Wheelchairs • Scooters • Hoists • Cycles • Ambulators • Walkers • Crutches • Canes • Orientation and mobility training services TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

49. Travel and Mobility Wheelchair Transfer TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT

50. Travel and Mobility Walker TOC • Public Laws • Human Function Model • Functional Areas • AT Resources • QUIT