1 / 50

Chapter 1 Notes

Chapter 1 Notes. The Science of Biology. What is Science?. Science - an organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world. Biology - science that seeks understanding of living world “bios” = life “logy” = study of. The Goal of Science. Investigate and understand nature.

cole
Download Presentation

Chapter 1 Notes

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 1 Notes The Science of Biology

  2. What is Science? • Science - an organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world

  3. Biology - science that seeks understanding of living world • “bios” = life “logy” = study of

  4. The Goal of Science • Investigate and understand nature.

  5. Explain events in nature

  6. Use these explanations to make useful predictions

  7. Observations • All science begins with observations

  8. There are two types of observations • Quantitative

  9. Qualitative The statement "the flower is purple" is a(n)  a)  hypothesis   b) inference   c) quantitative observation   d) qualitative observation

  10. Quantitative vs Qualitative • Quantitative - involve numbers • There are two birds at the feeder”

  11. Qualitative - involve characteristics • “One of the birds has a red head”

  12. Inferences • Observations alone are not of much use • Scientists use observations to make inferences • Inference - logical conclusions based on prior knowledge and experience

  13. Examples of Inferences • What inferences can you make?

  14. Tools/Measuring System • Scientists use the Metric System • Metric System (SI) is universal and easy to convert units

  15. Length - mm,m,cm

  16. Metric System Prefix Table • Prefix Symbol Multiplication Factor Power of 10 • yotta Y 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 +24 • zetta Z 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 +21 • exa E 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 +18 • peta P 1,000,000,000,000,000 +15 • tera T 1,000,000,000,000 +12 • giga G 1,000,000,000 +9 • mega M 1,000,000 +6 • kilo k 1,000 +3 • hecto h 100 +2 • deka da 10 +1 • deci d 0.1 -1 • centi c 0.01 -2 • milli m 0.001 -3 • micro µ 0.000,001 -6 • nano n 0.000,000,001 -9 • pico p 0.000,000,000,001 -12 • femto f 0,000,000,000,000,001 -15 • atto a 0,000,000,000,000,000,001 -18 • zepto z 0,000,000,000,000,000,000,001 -21 • yocto y 0,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,001 -24

  17. Volume - L,mL,cm3

  18. Mass - g,mg,kg

  19. Types of Microscopes • Compound Light Microscopes - Specimen must be thin for light to pass through

  20. Magnification due to the bending of light

  21. Total Magnification = Eyepiece Mag. X Objective Mag.

  22. Types of Microscopes • Stereoscopes - Dissecting • More 3D viewing. • Solid specimens; light reflects back to eye • Two eyepieces

  23. Types of Microscopes • Electron Microscopes • 1000 times more powerful than light microscopes • Cannot examine live specimens

  24. Compound Light Microscope - parts • Eyepiece - what you look through

  25. Body Tube - provides distance for proper bending of light • Revolving Nosepiece - Rotates to change objectives

  26. Compound Light Microscope - parts • Objectives - Magnify image (scan, low, high) • Stage Clips - Holds slide in place

  27. Stage - Where slide is placed • Diaphragm - regulates light passing through specimen

  28. Compound Light Microscope - parts • Light Source - provides light to pass through specimen • Base - Supports Microscope (hand underneath when carrying) • Arm - Place one hand here when carrying

  29. Compound Light Microscope - parts • Fine Focus - Slight adjustments in focusing • Course Focus - Large adjustments in focusing

  30. The Scientific Method • Scientific Method - stepwise approach to solve everyday problems (not just “science” problems)

  31. Scientific Method Steps • State the Problem • Form a Hypothesis • Set up a Controlled Experiment • Independent Variable - what changes • Dependent Variable - what responds to the change • Constants - stay the same

  32. Scientific Method Steps • Record Results • Analyze Results • Make a Conclusion

  33. You are camping and you go to turn on your flashlight and it doesn’t work. So what is wrong with it?

  34. Characteristics of Living Things • Made of Cells

  35. Reproduce

  36. Universal Genetic Code DNA

  37. Grow and Develop

  38. Use Energy

  39. Responds to Environment

  40. Characteristics of Living Things • Maintain Homeostasis (internal balance) Homeostasis" is the maintenance of a "steady state", a state of chemical and physical consistency in the face of changes in the surroundings. Maintenance of such a steady state requires a sensitivity and appropriate response to even small changes

  41. Change over time (as a group)

  42. Levels of Life • Biology deals with life at various levels from the smallest molecule to the Earth as a whole.

  43. Levels of Life (smallest to largest) • Molecule - groups of atoms; smallest unit of chemical compounds

  44. Cells - smallest unit of life

  45. Groups of Cells - tissues, organs, organ systems

  46. Levels of Life (smallest to largest) • Organism - individual living thing

  47. Population - group of organisms of one type that live in the same area

  48. Community - Populations that live together in a defined area

  49. Levels of Life (smallest to largest) • Ecosystem - Community and its nonliving surroundings

  50. Biosphere - All ecosystems combined

More Related