True or False?

1. True or False? • People with ADD have a tendency to be excessively active. • Over stimulating environments have been correlated with ADD and ADHD. • Ritalin can help cure ADD and ADHD. • Ritalin is a safe and effective drug. • Changing seating and the classroom arrangement is beneficial for children who have ADD and ADHD. • People grow out of ADD and ADHD. • Gifted and talented individuals can have ADD and ADHD. • Parenting styles can effect an individuals likelihood of having ADD or ADHD.

2. ADD / ADHD • ADD • Developmentally inappropriate failure of attention • Pervasive impulsivity • ADHD • Chronic tendency to be excessively active • Lack control • Unable to concentrate • 3 types • Predominantly Inattentive Type • Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type • Combined Type

3. EFFECTS • Biological • Psychological • Social domains • Difficulties with cognitive processing, interpersonal skills, or appropriate classroom behavior

4. Environmental Causes • Allergic reaction to food • Authoritarian parenting • Lead • Over stimulating Environments

5. Prevalence • 3-7% • Boys (2:1-9:1) • 20-30% of LD • 50-90% hereditary (1/3)

6. Assessment/Diagnostic Information • PSYCHOLOGIST • Inattention • Hyperactivity-impulsivity • Present before 7yrs. • Present in at least 2 settings. • Significant impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning. • Cannot occur when a more severe psychological disorder is present.

7. Characteristics • Highly Impulsive • Acting Before Thinking • Blurting Out • Failing to Listen • Inability to Finish Tasks • Fidgeting • Squirming

8. Information processing difficulties Exceptional imagination and creativity Classroom behavior problems Difficulties making transitions from one classroom activity to another Few friendships with peers, and possible rejection by them Perform miserably on tests Disruptive Aggressive behavior Adjustment Problems Struggle Academically and Socially Less compliant to parents (especially mothers)1 Characteristics cont.Not common of all children with ADD/ ADHD

9. Medication Intervention • 70% take Ritalin or Concerta (Psychositmulants) • 70-80% respond favorably • Medication cannot work alone!

10. Insomnia Irritability Abdominal Pain Growth Retarded Headaches Weight Loss Elevated Blood Pressure Loss of Appetite Depression Drowsiness Nausea Skin Rash Elevated Heart Rate Abnormal brain wave activity Slower Blood Flow Lower Glucose metabolism LONG-TERM EFFECTS ARE UNKNOWN yet associates with Seizers Used to “get high” Side-effects to Psycho stimulants

11. Behavior Intervention • Behavior Modification Charts • Token economy charts • Response charts • Time-outs • Contingency contracts • Cognitive behavior therapy

12. Education Intervention • Predictable Environment • Comfortable furniture • Seating location • Focus on certain aspects of learning and eliminate unnecessary information

13. Instructional Ideas • Multimodal Interventions • Functional Assessment • Self-Regulation • Self-Observation • Self-Assessment • Self-Recording • Self-Determination • Self-Administration • Home-School Collaboration • Instructional Modification • Medication

14. Technology • Speech recognition • Optical character recognition • Computer flow charts • Inspiration • Spelling checkers • Computer program for auditory processing problems • Fastforward • Earobics

15. Other Interesting Information • LATER IN LIFE • Adjustment Problems • Frequently drop out • Commit reckless delinquent acts • More job changes • Marital disruptions • More traffic accidents • Personal problems/ emotional disturbances

16. Other Interesting Information • Over diagnosed in the US • Gifted and Talented students affected • Children “grow out of it”

17. Resources for School Personnel • Moss, R.A., & Dunlap, H.H. (1990). Why Jonny can’t concentrate: Coping with attention deficit problems. New York: Bantam. • Barkley, R.A. (1995). Taking charge of ADHD: The complete, authoritative guide for parents. New York: Guilford. • Rief, S.A., (1993). How to reach and teach ADD/ADHD children: Practical techniques, strategies, and interventions for helping children with attention problems and hyperactivity. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. • Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder www.chadd.org • CH.A.D.D. (Children and Adults with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder 8181 Professional Place Suite 201Landover, MD 20185 (301) 301-7070 (800) 233-4050 National Attention Deficit Disorder Association (ADDA) 1788 Second Street, Suite 200 Highland Park, IL 60035 (847) 432-ADDA

18. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, D.C.: Author Berk, L.A., (2002). Infants, children, and adolescents (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Bukatko, D., & Daehler, M.W., (2001). Child development: A thematic approach (4th ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. Dworetzky, J. P., (1996). Introduction to Child Development (6th ed.). St. Paul: West Publishing Company. Gargiulo, R.M., (2003). Special education in contemporary society: An introduction to exceptionality. Belmont: Wadsworth/ Thomson Learning. Kail, K.V., & Cavanaugh J.C., (2000). Human development: A lifespan view (2nd ed.). Belmont: Wadsworth/ Thomson Learning. McDevitt T.M., & Ormrod J.E., (2002). Child development and education. New Jersey: Merrill. Ormrod, J.E., (2000). Educational psychology: Developing learners (3rd ed.). New Jersey: Merrill. Shaffer, D.R., (2002). Developmental psychology: Childhood and adolescence (6th ed.). Georgia: Wadsorth. www.add.org/content/research/causes.html www.add.org/content/school/list.html www.kidsource.com/feingold/add.strategies.html www.kidsource.com/NICHCY/ADD6.html Resources Used