EFFECTS OF NATIONALISM & LIBERALISM IN 19 TH CENTURY EUROPE CHAPTER 24

1. EFFECTS OF NATIONALISM & LIBERALISM IN 19TH CENTURY EUROPECHAPTER 24 Chris Booth World History 9

2. connector • Start this immediately when the bell rings on a separate sheet of paper. • Q. What is a good American? Explain what that means and give me an example…

3. 2nd Connector p. 680 in text • What values and goals of your new country do you want to show? • Will your symbols represent your country’s past or future?

4. What is nationalism? • Shared traditions, customs, heritage, language, religion,… • Those ideas that separate one group of people from another…shared identity • Pride in who you are, where you’re from

5. What do liberals want? • Representative governments • Constitutions • Rights of the people What do nationalists want? • An independent country of their own • Self-determination

6. “When France sneezed, the rest of Europe caught cold” Prince Klemen von Metternich

7. Nationalism in 19th Century Europe • Cause of many revolutions • Successful: • Greece, 1829 • (Independence from Ottoman Empire) • Belgium, 1830 • Must remain neutral • Unsuccessful • 1830s: Italy, Germany, Austria (disorganized and fragmented) • 1848: Italy, Germany, Austria (disorganized and fragmented) • Crushed by the Concert of Europe • Weakened Empires • Austria becomes Austria-Hungary (Dual Monarchy) or the Austro-Hungarian Empire (Separated at end of WWI) • Ottoman Empire loses the Balkan Peninsula and parts of North Africa (Dissolved after WWI-only Turkey remains) • Causes Empires to become even more autocratic • Russia: Russification, pograms aimed at Jews

9. Unification of Germany • Otto von Bismarck-Conservative Junker • “iron and blood” Chancellor? • Ignored Parliament & Constitution and fought wars • Three wars • Denmark-win border provinces • Austria (Seven Weeks War) Superior training and equipment • France (Franco-Prussian War) Why? Southern Germans were Catholics and made France look bad • Industrialization • Heavy industry and railroads. Q. What did this create? • Wealth for government and for people • Kaiser Wilhelm I of Prussia • Named Emperor of Second Reich. What was first? • Holy Roman Empire. What was third? • The Nazi Party under Adolf Hitler

10. Unification of Italy • Count Camillo de Cavour • Prime Minister of Sardinia - SUCCESS • Industrialized to keep up with the rest of Europe • Expanded Empire through warwith Austria • Gained Lombardy in North • Giuseppe Garibaldi & the Red Shirts • Unified southern Italy and Sicily • Joined forces with Cavour • Unified Venice, Rome, and Papal States • Pope demanded that Vatican City be totally independent of Italy • Italy becomes a constitutional monarchy  Victor Emmanuel II

11. Push-Pull Factors of Nationalism • Pull • When common goals are present within an ethnic group, nationalism can draw people to cooperate with each other to achieve those goals • Common threat, natural disasters • Push: • When a region, empire, country has many ethnic groups who are forced to “live together” rivalries may occur • Voice in the government • “haves” vs. “have-nots” – economic strength • Prejudices, discrimination, scapegoats . . . • Can tear a region apart

12. review • What are the top 3 reasons you believe Italy and Germany unified their countries? • Nationalism – shared culture, history, language, etc • Industrialization – Creates wealth • Strong leadership and partnership with other leaders in country • How can nationalism be both a unifying force and a disunifying force? • Unifying – unite people of same ethnic group, same beliefs • Disunifying – separate people along ethnic lines, cause persecution of certain groups

13. Europe in 1871