Exploring the World

1. Exploring the World The Age of Exploration 1450 - 1700

2. What brought about the change in Europe 1450-1700? • The desire to increase trade Spice Trade…for centuries, European traders had traveled to ports in the eastern Mediterranean to buy spices (like pepper, cinnamon, and cloves – used to preserve food and improve flavor) and other goods (like silk) from Asian merchants who had traveled across Asia. Because it was expensive to transport these long distances, Europeans decided to look for a shorter route across Asia.

3. What brought about the change in Europe 1450-1700? • The Renaissance Movement A spirit of curiosity about the world was born during this time of renewed interest in learning and the arts from the late 14th to 16th centuries.

4. What brought about the change in Europe 1450-1700? • Desire for New Land In the 1400’s the nations of Europe competed with each other for political and economic power. One way that these countries improved their economic strength and influence was to explore new lands and find valuable natural resources. Establishing colonies also provided new markets for their goods.

5. What brought about the change in Europe 1450-1700? • God, Gold, & Glory While many explorers desired fame and riches, others wanted to spread their religion of Christianity and diminish Muslim influence.

6. What brought about the change in Europe 1450-1700? • New Equipment Advances in Navigational equipment and sailing ships made long voyages possible.

7. Prince Henry the Navigator Prince Henry the Navigator was a Portuguese Prince and naval commander who founded a school of navigation for sailors in 1450, paid for expeditions to the west coast of Africa, and employed mapmakers to create detailed maps of new explorations. He also developed a small light sailing ship called a Caravel that could use triangular sails known as lateen for use along the coast or square sails for the open ocean.

8. Get your paper ready for an open note quiz. 1-5 matching 4 bonus questions 

9. Match the reason for exploration with the correct description. • New Equipment a. spirit of curiosity about the world 2) New land b. spread religion 3) Spice trade c. made long voyages possible 4) Renaissance Movement d. motivation to find a new route to Asia 5) God, Gold, & Glory e. improved economic strength and influence

10. Bonus: List four accomplishments of Prince Henry the Navigator

11. Empire Building - Portugal • Portugal led the way in exploration • was more interested in trade than taking over land and its people • Established trading posts in important costal areas of Africa and Asia • Prince Henry the Navigator – financed exploration ventures • Established settlements in Brazil which provided gold and sugar to Portugal • Vasco da Gama – sailed around the Cape of Good Hope at the south of Africa and continued on to India. • He and crew were first to reach India by sea.

12. Empire Building - Spain • Spain conquered new lands and spread the Catholic religion. • Christopher Columbus (1492) Italian Explorer sailing for Spain reached the Caribbean Islands in an effort to reach Asia by a new route. • Ferdinand Magellan (1519) Portuguese explorer financed by Spain. Killed in the Philippine Islands after 18 mo. at sea getting there. Crew continued to travel around the entire world and proved the earth was round.

13. Empire Building - Spain • Spain conquered powerful Inca and Aztec empires in what is now Peru and Mexico. They established colonies there which eventually became the largest and strongest of the colonial empires. • The Spanish made a lot of money from the gold and silver they found in the Americas • They also established settlements in Northern Africa to protect their trade interests and claimed the Philippines where natives had killed Magellan (1521), naming them for Spain’s King Philip II.

14. Quiz time: • Portugal – number your paper 1-4 • Spain – number your paper 1-5 For each question set, answer True or False

15. Portugal (True or False?) • Portugal’s rulers had no interest in exploration or in using the seas for trade. • Portuguese navigator Vasco da Gama and his crew were the first Europeans to reach India by sea. • Brazil was colonized by Spain • Portugal was more interested in conquering a land and its people than in trade.

16. Spain (True or False) • Christopher Columbus stumbled up on the Caribbean Islands when he was trying to find a new route to Asia. • The journey of Magellan and his crew proved the earth was round. • The Philippine Islands were named for a Spanish queen. • Spain’s colonial empire included what is now Mexico, Peru, and the Philippine Islands. • Spain established a large settlement in southern Africa to protect its trade interests.

17. Empire Building - Britain • The British Empire was one of the most powerful empires in world history, controlling about one-fifth of the world’s land at its peak in the early 1900’s. • In the 1600’s to 1700’s England established tobacco plantations in the Caribbean Islands and colonies along the Atlantic Coast of North America. • Many colonist came to America seeking religious freedom.

18. Empire Building - Britain • The East India Company (1600’s) – chartered by England for trade to the East Indies (India and Southeast Asia) and established a colonial presence in India. India eventually came under British rule in 1858. • England first explored Australia in the late 1600’s and established a strong colonial presence in the 1700’s (after the American colonies became independent).

19. Empire Building - Britain • Mercantilism – one of the major reasons England established colonies. Mercantilism is an economic policy where the colonies helped the mother country by providing valuable natural resources and a market for goods produced in the mother country. This system required strict controls leading the rebellion of the American colonies in the 1700’s

20. Empire Building - France • Samuel de Champlain brought French settlements to North America when he founded the colony of Quebec as a trading post in 1608. • The French then moved down the Mississippi River and claimed the central part of what is now the U.S. • By 18th century, France controlled Canada, Louisiana, several islands in the Caribbean, and some outposts in India and the West Coast of Africa. • They were interested in spreading their religion to the lands they colonized.

21. European Exploration – slave trade • European countries took blacks from West Africa and brought them to the New World to work the land and replace many indigenous people who had died of disease brought by Europeans. • An estimated 12 million Africans were forced into slavery from about 1500-1800.

22. Exploration – Slave trade • Most of the Africans taken were men age 18-30. What are some of the effects this would have on African families and villages? loss of male leadership loss of fathers to head households loss of fathers providing income for families

23. Quick Quiz Write these words at the top of your paper: (spelling counts) May use more than once. India Caribbean Louisiana Atlantic Australia East India mercantilism Quebec Number your paper 1-7

24. Next up: Empire Building leads to WAR