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Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds

Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds. MACROSCOPIC SCALE Elements combine to make compounds. ATOMIC SCALE Atoms combine to make molecules, or extended structures. What we’ll cover…. Compound Formulas Ions Monatomic Polyatomic Ionic Compounds Molecular Compounds

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Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds

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  1. Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds MACROSCOPIC SCALE Elements combine to make compounds. ATOMIC SCALE Atoms combine to make molecules, or extended structures.

  2. What we’ll cover… • Compound Formulas • Ions • Monatomic • Polyatomic • Ionic Compounds • Molecular Compounds • Other types of extended Structures

  3. Compound Formulas Examples: NaCl CH3OH (NH4)2SO4

  4. How many O atoms are in Mg3(PO4)2? • 2 • 4 • 6 • 8

  5. How many total atoms are in Mg3(PO4)2? • 3 • 10 • 11 • 13

  6. Three Types of Compounds Molecular Covalent Extended Covalent Ionic Alloys

  7. Can you predict this? Ionic Compounds form from: Molecular Compounds form from:

  8. Types of Formulas

  9. IONS Cations Formed by losing electrons. Have a positive charge. Formed mainly from metals.

  10. IONS Anions Formed by gaining electrons. Have a negative charge. Formed mainly from nonmetals. Cations Formed by losing electrons. Have a positive charge. Formed mainly from metals.

  11. Monatomic Ions- Formed from single atoms

  12. Books closed: What is the charge on a Mg ion? • +1 • +2 • +3 • -1 • -2 • -3

  13. Naming IONS Cations Name of element + “ion” Na+ = sodium ion Mg2+ = magnesium ion

  14. Naming IONS Anions Name of element with –ide ending + “ion” Cl- = chloride ion O2- = oxide ion Cations Name of element + “ion” Na+ = sodium ion Mg2+ = magnesium ion

  15. Polyatomic Ions you need to know

  16. Ionic Compound Formulas Total cation charge = Total anion charge Ex: Na+ and Cl- make ________

  17. Ionic Compound Formulas Total cation charge = Total anion charge Ex: Na+ and Cl- make NaCl Mg2+ and Cl- make ________

  18. Ionic Compound Formulas Total cation charge = Total anion charge Ex: Na+ and Cl- make NaCl Mg2+ and Cl- make MgCl2 NH4+ and SO42- make _________

  19. What is the formula of the compound formed between Fe3+ and Cl-? • FeCl • FeCl3 • Fe3Cl

  20. What is the formula of the compound formed between Fe3+ and SO42-? • FeSO4 • Fe(SO4)2 • Fe2(SO4)3 • Fe3(SO4)2

  21. Naming Ionic Compounds Name = cation name + anion name Ex: NaCl = NH4Br =

  22. Molecular Compounds Nonmetal + nonmetal gives molecular compound Ex: C + O S + O C + H

  23. Aside on gas prices… Propane Butane Jet Fuel Gasoline Diesel/Heating Longer molecules(asphalt/tar) Crude oil

  24. Predicting Molecular Compound Formulas

  25. Naming Molecular Compounds Binary Compounds form between 2 elements

  26. Naming Molecular Compounds Binary Compounds form with 2 elements Element with highest group # named last, like it’s an anion.

  27. Naming Molecular Compounds Binary Compounds form with 2 elements Element with highest group # named last, like it’s an anion. Use prefixes to indicate numbers: 2 = di 3 = tri 4 = tetra 5 = penta

  28. Network Solids • Held together like a molecule • Large and extended

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