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QuT : A Low-Power Optical Network-on-chip

QuT : A Low-Power Optical Network-on-chip. Parisa Khadem Hamedani Natalie Enright Jerger Shaahin Hessabi. Introduction: Electrical NoC. Electrical NoC Scalability limitation Power Network channel and buffering power Latency. Introduction: Optical NoC. Waveguide Optical Switches.

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QuT : A Low-Power Optical Network-on-chip

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  1. QuT: A Low-Power Optical Network-on-chip ParisaKhademHamedani Natalie EnrightJerger ShaahinHessabi Khadem Hamedani et al., QuT: A Low Power Optical Network-on-Chip

  2. Introduction: Electrical NoC • Electrical NoC • Scalability limitation • Power • Network channel and buffering power • Latency Khadem Hamedani et al., QuT: A Low Power Optical Network-on-Chip

  3. Introduction: Optical NoC Waveguide Optical Switches Transmitter Receiver Off-chip Laser Khadem Hamedani et al., QuT: A Low Power Optical Network-on-Chip • Optical NoC • Power is independent of transmission distance • Small transmission latency • Simple modulation, large data bandwidths (Gbps)

  4. Introduction: Optical NoC Challenges • Optical NoC • Insertion Loss • The loss of signal power resulting from the insertion in an optical path • Main factor in the power consumption • Number of Microrings • Major source of faults • Number of Wavelengths • Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) • Total power is proportional to the number of wavelengths Khadem Hamedani et al., QuT: A Low Power Optical Network-on-Chip

  5. Introduction: Quarten Topology (QuT) 0 1 15 14 2 13 3 12 4 11 5 10 6 9 7 8 Khadem Hamedani et al., QuT: A Low Power Optical Network-on-Chip

  6. Outline • Introduction • Quartern Architecture • Data Network • Router Microarchitecture • Wavelength assignment • All optical switches • QuT WDM Routing • Control Network • Methodology • Evaluation • Conclusion Khadem Hamedani et al., QuT: A Low Power Optical Network-on-Chip

  7. Quartern Architecture • A new all-optical architecture • Based on passive microring resonators • Addressing the optical challenges • Ring-based topology • Strategically placed extra links • To reduce the diameter • To reduce number of wavelengths • A new deterministic wavelength routing • Contention-free network • Optimizing optical switches • With an optical control network Khadem Hamedani et al., QuT: A Low Power Optical Network-on-Chip

  8. Data Network Bypass • Ring links • Bidirectional 0 1 15 14 2 • Cross links • Bidirectional • Even 13 3 Cross 12 4 11 • Bypass links • Unidirectional • Emanate from odd nodes 5 10 6 9 7 8 Khadem Hamedani et al., QuT: A Low Power Optical Network-on-Chip

  9. Router Microarchitecture : Wavelength assignment λ0 λ1 λ2 λ3 • Each node has: • Dedicated but not unique wavelength • Source uses this wavelength • In an N-node QuT • N/4 distinct wavelength sets • Node i dedicated wavelength set • (i mod N/4) Khadem Hamedani et al., QuT: A Low Power Optical Network-on-Chip

  10. QuT WDM Routing : Source is even 0 • Ring links Source Destination • Distance (Source, Destination): • < N/4 • = N/2 Khadem Hamedani et al., QuT: A Low Power Optical Network-on-Chip

  11. QuT WDM Routing : Source is even 0 • Cross links Source Destination • Distance (Source, Destination): • >= N/4 Khadem Hamedani et al., QuT: A Low Power Optical Network-on-Chip

  12. QuT WDM Routing : Source is Odd 1 • Ring links Source Destination • Distance (Source, Destination): • <= N/4 Khadem Hamedani et al., QuT: A Low Power Optical Network-on-Chip

  13. QuT WDM Routing : Source is Odd 1 • Bypass links Source Destination • Distance (Source, Destination): • > N/4 Khadem Hamedani et al., QuT: A Low Power Optical Network-on-Chip

  14. QuT WDM Routing: example 0 Source: N0 Destination: N8 8 Khadem Hamedani et al., QuT: A Low Power Optical Network-on-Chip

  15. Example: Switch at N0 I1 I2 I3 I4 0 1 Ring (Right) Ring (Left) Bypass (Left) Bypass (Right) Cross (Left) Cross (Right) 8 Khadem Hamedani et al., QuT: A Low Power Optical Network-on-Chip

  16. Example: Switch at N1 0 I1 I2 I3 I4 1 2 Ring (Left) Ring (Right) Bypass (Right) Bypass (Left) 8 Khadem Hamedani et al., QuT: A Low Power Optical Network-on-Chip

  17. Example: Switch at N2 I1 I2 I3 I4 0 1 2 Ring (Right) Ring (Left) Bypass (Left) Bypass (Right) Cross (Left) Cross (Right) 6 8 Khadem Hamedani et al., QuT: A Low Power Optical Network-on-Chip

  18. Example: Switch at N6 I1 I2 I3 I4 0 Ring (Right) Ring (Left) Bypass (Left) Bypass (Right) Cross (Left) Cross (Right) 6 7 8 Khadem Hamedani et al., QuT: A Low Power Optical Network-on-Chip

  19. Example: Switch at N7 0 I1 I2 I3 I4 1 2 Ring (Left) Ring (Right) Bypass (Right) Bypass (Left) 6 7 8 Khadem Hamedani et al., QuT: A Low Power Optical Network-on-Chip

  20. Example: Switch at N8 I1 I2 I3 I4 E 0 1 2 Ring (Right) Ring (Left) Bypass (Left) Bypass (Right) Cross (Left) Cross (Right) 6 7 8 Khadem Hamedani et al., QuT: A Low Power Optical Network-on-Chip

  21. Router Microarchitecture: All optical switches (Even) I1 I2 I3 E I4 Ring (Right) Ring (Left) Bypass (Left) Bypass (Right) Cross (Left) Cross (Right) DropμR AddμR BypassμR Khadem Hamedani et al., QuT: A Low Power Optical Network-on-Chip

  22. Router Microarchitecture: All optical switches (Even) I1 I2 I3 E I4 Ring (Right) Ring (Left) Bypass (Left) Bypass (Right) Cross (Left) Cross (Right) AddμR Khadem Hamedani et al., QuT: A Low Power Optical Network-on-Chip

  23. Router Microarchitecture: All optical switches (Even) I1 I2 I3 E I4 Ring (Right) Ring (Left) Bypass (Left) Bypass (Right) Cross (Left) Cross (Right) BypassμR Khadem Hamedani et al., QuT: A Low Power Optical Network-on-Chip

  24. Router Microarchitecture: All optical switches (Even) I1 I2 I3 E I4 Ring (Right) Ring (Left) Bypass (Left) Bypass (Right) Cross (Left) Cross (Right) DropμR Khadem Hamedani et al., QuT: A Low Power Optical Network-on-Chip

  25. Router Microarchitecture: All optical switches (Odd) I1 I2 I3 I4 E Ring (Left) Ring (Right) Bypass (Right) Bypass (Left) DropμR AddμR CrossμR Khadem Hamedani et al., QuT: A Low Power Optical Network-on-Chip

  26. Router Microarchitecture: All optical switches (Odd) I1 I2 I3 I4 E Ring (Left) Ring (Right) Bypass (Right) Bypass (Left) DropμR AddμR Khadem Hamedani et al., QuT: A Low Power Optical Network-on-Chip

  27. Router Microarchitecture: All optical switches (Odd) I1 I2 I3 I4 E Ring (Left) Ring (Right) Bypass (Right) Bypass (Left) CrossμR Khadem Hamedani et al., QuT: A Low Power Optical Network-on-Chip

  28. Control Network • Multiple-Writer Single-Reader bus • Multiple waveguides • Control Packets • Request, ACK, NACK • Small size: 6 bits • Each source node has a dedicated wavelength • In an N-node QuT • N/16 waveguides • N wavelengths Khadem Hamedani et al., QuT: A Low Power Optical Network-on-Chip

  29. Methodology • Phoenixsim • An event-driven simulator • Based on OMNet++ • 64 and 128-node QuT compared against Khadem Hamedani et al., QuT: A Low Power Optical Network-on-Chip

  30. Outline • Introduction • Quartern Architecture • Methodology • Evaluation • Delay • Power • Energy • Throughput • Area • Conclusion Khadem Hamedani et al., QuT: A Low Power Optical Network-on-Chip

  31. Evaluation • Constant optical bandwidth for all-optical NoCs • Each node has 8 distinct wavelengths • Data stream is modulated on 8 wavelengths assigned to the destination • Die size: 225 mm • Packet size: 256 bits • 10Gb/s modulator and detector • Synthetic traffic patterns: • Random, Bitreverse, Neighbor, Tornado and Hotspot-30% Khadem Hamedani et al., QuT: A Low Power Optical Network-on-Chip

  32. Delay: Packet latency (cycle) 128-node: Offered Load = 0.5 Waiting time in a processor’s output buffer The delay of modulating the packet Khadem Hamedani et al., QuT: A Low Power Optical Network-on-Chip

  33. Power (W) Small Insertion loss, Small number of required wavelengths, Small number of microrings Khadem Hamedani et al., QuT: A Low Power Optical Network-on-Chip

  34. Energy-per-bit (pJ) 128-node: Lower power dissipation Smaller average optical path delay At the saturation point, a small fraction of energy-per-bit is related to data network Khadem Hamedani et al., QuT: A Low Power Optical Network-on-Chip

  35. Normalized Throughput-per-watt 64-node: Better throughput-per-watt, when the network size increases 128-node: Khadem Hamedani et al., QuT: A Low Power Optical Network-on-Chip

  36. Normalized Area 154% 44% Khadem Hamedani et al., QuT: A Low Power Optical Network-on-Chip

  37. Conclusion • Consuming Less power and Energy: • Scales better than state-of-art proposals • Considering optical challenges • Insertion loss • Number of microrings • Number of wavelengths Khadem Hamedani et al., QuT: A Low Power Optical Network-on-Chip

  38. Thank you for your attention! Question? Khadem Hamedani et al., QuT: A Low Power Optical Network-on-Chip

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