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Audition. Mechanics . Amplitude: intensity (loudness) Pitch: tone (high pitch vs. low pitch) Timbre: quality of sound. Hearing. Auditory Canal Tympanic membrane Malleus, Incus, Stapes Oval Window Cochlea. Theories of Hearing. Place Theory (Helmholtz)
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Mechanics • Amplitude: intensity (loudness) • Pitch: tone (high pitch vs. low pitch) • Timbre: quality of sound
Hearing • Auditory Canal • Tympanic membrane • Malleus, Incus, Stapes • Oval Window • Cochlea
Theories of Hearing • Place Theory (Helmholtz) • Pitch is determined by what part of the basilar membrane is stimulated • Frequency Theory • Basilar membrane fires the same frequency as sound • (volley principle--explains how higher frequencies are produced) • Duplicity Theory • Sounds are heard by combination of place and frequency
Taste • Chemical Sense • Papillae on tongue are specialized for different chemicals • Now 5 • Salt • Sour • Bitter • Sweet • Umami
Olfaction Stinks! • Chemical Sense • Direct path to brain • Olfactory epithelium has specialized receptors; take chemical energy from odors and converts to electrochemical
Skin Sense • Haptic--pressure, temperature, pain • Pressure--shallow and deep • Temperature--warm and cold fibers • Pain
Kinesthesis Body sense Tells us where our parts are Skeletal
Vestibular • Vestibular sacs and semicircular canals hold fluid • Motion moves hairs in fluid • Acts like gyroscope