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Genetic simplex modeling of personality in adolescent Australian twins

Genetic simplex modeling of personality in adolescent Australian twins. N.A. GILLESPIE 1 , D. M. EVANS 1 , N.G. MARTIN 1. 1 Queensland Institute of Medical Research and University of Queensland, Joint Genetics Program, Brisbane, Australia.

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Genetic simplex modeling of personality in adolescent Australian twins

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  1. Genetic simplex modeling of personality in adolescent Australian twins N.A. GILLESPIE1, D. M. EVANS1, N.G. MARTIN1 1Queensland Institute of Medical Research and University of Queensland, Joint Genetics Program, Brisbane, Australia. Supported by Queensland Cancer Fund, Cooperative Research Centre for Discovery of Genes for Common Human Diseases, and NHMRC grants 901061 & 9050998.

  2. Modeling personality change Eaves, Eysenck & Martin (1989) Adult personality - High of genetic continuity over time ! Effect stronger in Neuroticism vs Extraversion Genetic continuity in adolescents? Simplex modeling(Boomsma, 1989)

  3. ζ i-1 ζ i ζ i+1 β i+1 β i i-1 i i+1 λ i-1 λ i λ i+1 εi+1 εi εi-1 Yi Yi+1 Yi-1 Genetic Simplex modeling Autoregressive model Structural equation model ηi = βi ηi-1 + ζi var (ηi) = βi2 var (ηi-1) + var (ζi) Measurement model Yi = λi ηi + εi var (Yi) = λi2 var (ηi) + var (εi)

  4.   ζA12 ζA13 ζA22 ζA23 ζA21 ζA11 βA2 βA3 βA2 βA3 A23 A23 A12 A11 A13 A23 ε21 ε22 ε23 ε11 ε12 ε13 1 1 1 1 1 1 Y12 Y22 Y11 Y13 Y21 Y23 1 1 1 1 1 1 βE3 βE3 βE2 βE2 E12 E21 E23 E11 E13 E22 ζE12 ζE13 ζE11 ζE22 ζE23 ζE21 TWIN 2 TWIN 1

  5. Sample Twin Mole and Twin MAPS projects Assess the genetic / environmental etiology of Melanocytic Naevi (common moles) in twins aged 12 & 14 years + Cognition at 16 81 items JEPQ - Psychoticism (P) - Extraversion (E) - Neuroticism (N) - Lie (L)

  6. Data Normal weighted by sex and age Structural equation modeling using ML analysis of individual observations performed in Mx Raw continuous data methods Assumptions of mean and variance homogeneity by twin order and zygosity (and necessarily by sex and age)

  7. Polychoric test-retest correlations

  8. Twin pair polychoric correlations Consistent with a genetic hypothesis ! Univariate & Multivariate results AE best fitting model

  9. ζA1 ζA2 ζA3 βA2 βA3 ε1 ε2 ε3 1 1 1 P12 P14 P16 1 1 1 βE3 βE2 E1 E2 E3 ζE2 ζE3 ζE1 A1 A2 A3 Psychoticism AE Simplex model

  10. ζA1 ζA2 βA2 βA3 ε1 ε2 ε3 1 1 1 P12 P14 P16 1 1 1 βE3 βE2 E1 E2 E3 ζE2 ζE3 ζE1 A1 A2 A3 Psychoticism Drop genetic innovation @ 16 years

  11. ζA1 ζA3 βA2 βA3 ε1 ε2 ε3 1 1 1 P12 P14 P16 1 1 1 βE3 βE2 E1 E2 E3 ζE2 ζE3 ζE1 A1 A2 A3 Psychoticism Drop genetic innovation @ 14 years

  12. .13 .12 .37 ζA1 ζA2 ζA3 A3 A1 A2 .93 .70 .36 .36 .36 1 1 1 1 1 1 ε1 ε1 ε1 P12 P14 P16 .55 1.15 ζE1 ζE3 ζE2 E1 E2 E3 .06 .15 .05 Psychoticism - Best fitting Simplex model

  13. ζA2 ζA3 ζA1 βA2 βA3 ε1 ε2 ε3 1 1 1 E12 E14 E16 1 1 1 βE3 βE2 E1 E2 E3 ζE2 ζE3 ζE1 A1 A2 A3 Extraversion AE Simplex model

  14. ζA2 ζA1 βA2 βA3 ε1 ε2 ε3 1 1 1 E12 E14 E16 1 1 1 βE3 βE2 E1 E2 E3 ζE2 ζE3 ζE1 A1 A2 A3 Extraversion Drop genetic innovation @ 16 years

  15. ζA3 ζA1 βA2 βA3 ε1 ε2 ε3 1 1 1 E12 E14 E16 1 1 1 βE3 βE2 E1 E2 E3 ζE2 ζE3 ζE1 A1 A2 A3 Extraversion Drop genetic innovation @ 14 years

  16. .38 .12 ζA1 ζA2 A3 A2 A1 .92 .93 .23 .23 1 1 1 1 1 1 .23 ε1 ε1 ε1 E12 E14 E16 .53 .72 ζE1 ζE2 ζE3 E2 E1 E3 .35 .18 .17 Extraversion - Best fitting Simplex model

  17. ζA1 ζA2 ζA3 βA2 βA3 ε1 ε2 ε3 1 1 1 N12 N14 N16 1 1 1 βE3 βE2 E1 E2 E3 ζE2 ζE3 ζE1 A1 A2 A3 Neuroticism AE Simplex model

  18. ζA1 ζA2 βA2 βA3 ε1 ε2 ε3 1 1 1 N12 N14 N16 1 1 1 βE3 βE2 E1 E2 E3 ζE2 ζE3 ζE1 A1 A2 A3 Neuroticism Drop genetic innovation @ 16 years

  19. ζA1 ζA3 βA2 βA3 ε1 ε2 ε3 1 1 1 N12 N14 N16 1 1 1 βE3 βE2 E1 E2 E3 ζE2 ζE3 ζE1 A1 A2 A3 Neuroticism Drop genetic innovation @ 14 years

  20. .36 .11 .11 ζA1 ζA2 ζA3 A2 A3 A1 .93 .76 1 1 1 .22 .22 .22 ε1 ε1 ε1 N12 N14 N16 1 1 1 .49 .91 ζE1 ζE2 ζE3 E2 E1 E3 .39 .22 .15 Neuroticism - Best fitting Simplex model

  21. ζA1 ζA2 ζA3 βA2 βA3 ε1 ε2 ε3 1 1 1 L12 L14 L16 1 1 1 βE3 βE2 E1 E2 E3 ζE2 ζE3 ζE1 A1 A2 A3 Lie AE Simplex model

  22. ζA1 ζA2 βA2 βA3 ε1 ε2 ε3 1 1 1 L12 L14 L16 1 1 1 βE3 βE2 E1 E2 E3 ζE2 ζE3 ζE1 A1 A2 A3 Lie Drop genetic innovation @ 16 years

  23. ζA1 ζA3 βA2 βA3 ε1 ε2 ε3 1 1 1 L12 L14 L16 1 1 1 βE3 βE2 E1 E2 E3 ζE2 ζE3 ζE1 A1 A2 A3 Lie Drop genetic innovation @ 14 years

  24. .45 .10 .15 ζA1 ζA2 ζA3 A2 A3 A1 .84 .87 1 1 1 .24 .24 .24 ε1 ε1 ε1 L12 L14 L16 1 1 1 .46 .75 ζE1 ζE2 ζE3 E2 E1 E3 .28 .23 .09 Lie - Best fitting Simplex model

  25. Discussion Uni- and multivariate analyses Small BUT significant genetic innovations @ 12 & 14 years Genes which effect personality traits at all three ages + New genetic innovations Different environments are salient at different ages

  26. Limitations Normal weighted data Removes age and sex effects Does not capture  phenotypic variance with age Analyses based on transformed data to remove skewness Equivalent results ! Sex limitation Evidence of general sex limitation for Neuroticism at 16 years

  27. Home Simplex model Neuroticism final model

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