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Genetic and environmental contributions to eating habits in twins

Genetic and environmental contributions to eating habits in twins. Katie Waldrip. Genetic vs. Environmental. Additive genetic variation Nonadditive genetic variation Shared environment Unshared environment (2) . Study Designs. Classic Twin Design Cotwin Control Design

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Genetic and environmental contributions to eating habits in twins

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  1. Genetic and environmental contributions to eating habits in twins Katie Waldrip

  2. Genetic vs. Environmental • Additive genetic variation • Nonadditive genetic variation • Shared environment • Unshared environment (2)

  3. Study Designs • Classic Twin Design • Cotwin Control Design (1)

  4. Monozygotic vs. Dizygotic • What is the difference? • Genetic effects underlie the use-frequencies of all food items (4)

  5. Male vs. Female • Women had a higher percentage of energy from carbohydrates • Men obtained more energy from fat • For some food groups, genetic effects were found for women, but not for men (juices, poultry, eggs, and margarine) • Fruit intake was not genetically influenced in men or women • How much? How often? (2) (4)

  6. Preference of Taste/Allergen Sensitization • Sour vs. salty • Common allergens • Peanut and shellfish allergens (12) (5)

  7. Restrained Eating and Obesity • Genetic and unique environmental experiences contribute • Behavior pattern • Genetically determined body shapes • Restrictive/overeating styles vs health-conscious eating styles • Genetic predisposition • Why are behavior determinants important? • Intentional weight loss vs overeating (8) (3) (6) (11)

  8. Physical Activity • Eating according to need • Habitual physical activity • Daily energy intake • Body fat percentage (7)

  9. Age • When do environmental contributions stop impacting? • Why is this important? • When do genetic contributions impact the most? • Five specific dietary food patterns (4) (6) (10)

  10. Now what? • Around the world • Implementation (9)

  11. All about Katie and Lauren… • Dizygotic • Shared environment • Body composition • Allergies • Eating habits

  12. References • 1. Faith MS. Development and modification of child food preferences and eating patterns: Behavior genetics strategies. Int J Obes. 2005;29(6):549-556. • 2. Hasselbalch AL, Heitmann BL, Kyvik KO, Sorensen TIA. Studies of twins indicate that genetics influence dietary intake. J Nutr. 2008;138(12):2406-2412. • 3. Keski-Rahkonen A, Bulik CM, Pietilainen KH, Rose RJ, Kaprio J, Rissanen A. Eating styles, overweight and obesity in young adult twins. Eur J ClinNutr. 2007;61(7):822-829. • 4. Keskitalo K, Silventoinen K, Tuorila H, et al. Genetic and environmental contributions to food use patterns of young adult twins. PhysiolBehav. 2008;93(1-):235-242. • 5. Liu X, Zhang S, Tsai HJ, et al. Genetic and environmental contributions to allergen sensitization in a chinese twin study. Clinical and Experimental Allergy. 2009;39(7):991-998. • 6. Nelson MC, Gordon-Larsen P, North KE, Adair LS. Body mass index gain, fast food, and physical activity: Effects of shared environments over time. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2006;14(4):701-709.

  13. References (continued) • 7. Rintala M, Lyytikainen A, Leskinen T, et al. Leisure-time physical activity and nutrition: A twin study. Public Health Nutr. 2011;14(5):846-852. • 8. Schur E, Noonan C, Polivy J, Goldberg J, Buchwald D. Genetic and environmental influences on restrained eating behavior. Int J Eat Disord. 2009;42(8):765-772. • 9. Sung J, Lee K, Yun-Mi Song, Mi KL, Dong-Hun Lee. Heritability of eating behavior assessed using the DEBQ (dutch eating behavior questionnaire) and weight-related traits: The healthy twin study. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2010;18(5):1000-1005. • 10. Teucher B, Skinner J, Skidmore PML, et al. Dietary patterns and heritability of food choice in a UK female twin cohort. Twin Res Hum Genet. 2007;10(5):734-748. • 11. Wade TD, Treloar SA, Heath AC, Martin NG. An examination of the overlap between genetic and environmental risk factors for intentional weight loss and overeating. Int J Eat Disord. 2009;42(6):492-497. • 12. Wise PM, Hansen JL, Reed DR, Breslin PAS. Twin study of the heritability of recognition thresholds for sour and salty taste. Chem Senses. 2007;32(8):749-754.

  14. Questions?

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