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Genetic and environmental contributions to eating habits in twins. Katie Waldrip. Genetic vs. Environmental. Additive genetic variation Nonadditive genetic variation Shared environment Unshared environment (2) . Study Designs. Classic Twin Design Cotwin Control Design
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Genetic and environmental contributions to eating habits in twins Katie Waldrip
Genetic vs. Environmental • Additive genetic variation • Nonadditive genetic variation • Shared environment • Unshared environment (2)
Study Designs • Classic Twin Design • Cotwin Control Design (1)
Monozygotic vs. Dizygotic • What is the difference? • Genetic effects underlie the use-frequencies of all food items (4)
Male vs. Female • Women had a higher percentage of energy from carbohydrates • Men obtained more energy from fat • For some food groups, genetic effects were found for women, but not for men (juices, poultry, eggs, and margarine) • Fruit intake was not genetically influenced in men or women • How much? How often? (2) (4)
Preference of Taste/Allergen Sensitization • Sour vs. salty • Common allergens • Peanut and shellfish allergens (12) (5)
Restrained Eating and Obesity • Genetic and unique environmental experiences contribute • Behavior pattern • Genetically determined body shapes • Restrictive/overeating styles vs health-conscious eating styles • Genetic predisposition • Why are behavior determinants important? • Intentional weight loss vs overeating (8) (3) (6) (11)
Physical Activity • Eating according to need • Habitual physical activity • Daily energy intake • Body fat percentage (7)
Age • When do environmental contributions stop impacting? • Why is this important? • When do genetic contributions impact the most? • Five specific dietary food patterns (4) (6) (10)
Now what? • Around the world • Implementation (9)
All about Katie and Lauren… • Dizygotic • Shared environment • Body composition • Allergies • Eating habits
References • 1. Faith MS. Development and modification of child food preferences and eating patterns: Behavior genetics strategies. Int J Obes. 2005;29(6):549-556. • 2. Hasselbalch AL, Heitmann BL, Kyvik KO, Sorensen TIA. Studies of twins indicate that genetics influence dietary intake. J Nutr. 2008;138(12):2406-2412. • 3. Keski-Rahkonen A, Bulik CM, Pietilainen KH, Rose RJ, Kaprio J, Rissanen A. Eating styles, overweight and obesity in young adult twins. Eur J ClinNutr. 2007;61(7):822-829. • 4. Keskitalo K, Silventoinen K, Tuorila H, et al. Genetic and environmental contributions to food use patterns of young adult twins. PhysiolBehav. 2008;93(1-):235-242. • 5. Liu X, Zhang S, Tsai HJ, et al. Genetic and environmental contributions to allergen sensitization in a chinese twin study. Clinical and Experimental Allergy. 2009;39(7):991-998. • 6. Nelson MC, Gordon-Larsen P, North KE, Adair LS. Body mass index gain, fast food, and physical activity: Effects of shared environments over time. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2006;14(4):701-709.
References (continued) • 7. Rintala M, Lyytikainen A, Leskinen T, et al. Leisure-time physical activity and nutrition: A twin study. Public Health Nutr. 2011;14(5):846-852. • 8. Schur E, Noonan C, Polivy J, Goldberg J, Buchwald D. Genetic and environmental influences on restrained eating behavior. Int J Eat Disord. 2009;42(8):765-772. • 9. Sung J, Lee K, Yun-Mi Song, Mi KL, Dong-Hun Lee. Heritability of eating behavior assessed using the DEBQ (dutch eating behavior questionnaire) and weight-related traits: The healthy twin study. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2010;18(5):1000-1005. • 10. Teucher B, Skinner J, Skidmore PML, et al. Dietary patterns and heritability of food choice in a UK female twin cohort. Twin Res Hum Genet. 2007;10(5):734-748. • 11. Wade TD, Treloar SA, Heath AC, Martin NG. An examination of the overlap between genetic and environmental risk factors for intentional weight loss and overeating. Int J Eat Disord. 2009;42(6):492-497. • 12. Wise PM, Hansen JL, Reed DR, Breslin PAS. Twin study of the heritability of recognition thresholds for sour and salty taste. Chem Senses. 2007;32(8):749-754.