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Introduction to Atoms and Electric Fields

This text introduces the basic concepts of atoms, including their composition and the behavior of electric charges. It also explains the concepts of electric fields and potential energy. Helpful resources for understanding batteries are provided.

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Introduction to Atoms and Electric Fields

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  1. Introduction to Physical ScienceMonday, Wednesday, ThursdayTom Burbinetomburbine@astro.umass.edu

  2. Midterm • Average was 77

  3. Atoms • Composed of : • Electrons – Negative charges • Protons – Positive charges • Neutrons – Neutral charges

  4. Like charges repel • Opposite charges attract

  5. Neutral atom –same number of electrons and protons • If an electron is removed, the atom is positively charged • If an electron is gained, the atom is negatively charged

  6. Fewer electrons than protons, positively charged • More electrons than protons, negatively charged

  7. Conservation of charge – There is no creation or destruction of net electric charge • Electrons can not be created nor destroyed, they can only be transferred from one material to another

  8. Like charges repel • Unlike charges attract

  9. Coulomb’s Law • F = k q1q2 d2 F is force in Newtons q1 is quantity of charge of one particle q2 is quantity of charge of second particle k is 9,000,000,000 N∙m2/C2 (C is a Coulomb)

  10. 1 Coulomb is equal in magnitude to the total charge of 6.24 x 1018 electrons • The charge of an electron is approximately −1.602×10−19 C • The charge of a proton is approximately 1.602×10−19 C

  11. Electric Field • Electric field surrounds any charged particle • Electric field decreases with square of the distance from the particle

  12. Electric Potential • A charged particle has potential energy due to its location in an electric field • Electric Potential Energy – Energy possessed by a charged particle due to its location

  13. Electric Potential = electric potential energy amount of charge

  14. 1 Volt = 1 joule 1 coulomb

  15. A battery is a device that converts chemical energy directly to electrical energy • Batteries consist of two different metals suspended in an acidic solution. 

  16. http://hilaroad.com/camp/projects/lemon/lemon_battery.html

  17. http://www.green-planet-solar-energy.com/make-a-battery.html

  18. Any Questions?

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