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BUILDING STONES

BUILDING STONES. Stone → One of the oldest building material. Rock : A large concreted mass of earthy or mineral matter or broken pieces of such a mass. Stone : Quarried or smaller pieces of rock for a specified function such as a building block. Rocks are made up of minerals. Such as:

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BUILDING STONES

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  1. BUILDING STONES

  2. Stone → One of the oldest building material. • Rock : A large concreted mass of earthy or mineral matter or broken pieces of such a mass. • Stone : Quarried or smaller pieces of rock for a specified function such as a building block

  3. Rocks are made up of minerals. Such as: • Feldspars • Quartz • Micas • Hornblende • Kaolinite • Calcite (CaCO3) • Dolomite (MgCO3)

  4. GEOLOGICAL CLASSES OF ROCKS • Igneous: Formed by cooling and thus solidfying from a molten state. (Granite, Basalt) • Sedimentary : Formed by a process of cementation of small particles that result from the disintegration of rocks. (Limestone, sandstone) • Metamorphic Rocks : Formed by gradual changes in the structures of either igneous or sedimentary rocks caused by heat, water, pressure. (Marble, Slate)

  5. COMMONLY USED BUILDING STONES • Granite : Intrusive igneous rock • Intrusive:crystallized slowly within the earth • Granite is a strong, hard & non-porous rock • It is a desirable foundation & building material. • Basalt : Extrusive igneous rock • Extrusive:rapidly crystallized on the surface of earth • Basalt is hard & strong but it is porous & have fractures.

  6. Limestone : Sedimentary rock • It is used as a concrete aggregate • It is used in the production of cement & lime • Marble : Metamorphosed limestone • Harder than limestone • Used for interior work or wall or column facing • Slate : Metamorphosed clay • Used for flooring, interior or exterior wall facing.

  7. GRANITE BASALT LIMESTONE MARBLE SLATE

  8. PRODUCTION STEPS • Quarrying: Big chunks are cut at the side, loosened at the bottom by wedging & removed by cranes • Shaping & Finishing: Taken to the factory & cut and finished to the desired shapes.

  9. QUARRYING

  10. PROPERTIES OF STONES • Durability : mainly abrasion • Strength • Both strength & durability are affected by the texture & mineral composition, chemical charactersitics & physical characteristics. • Porosity • Water Absorption • Coefficient of thermal expansion • Fire resistance

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