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Chapter 6-C Test Review

Chapter 6-C Test Review. 1. What are agonist, antagonist, and synergist muscles?. Agonist- is the same as a prime mover. It will assume the major responsibility of a movement. Antagonist- a muscle that causes the opposite movement of a prime mover, or agonist

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Chapter 6-C Test Review

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  1. Chapter 6-C Test Review

  2. 1. What are agonist, antagonist, and synergist muscles? • Agonist- is the same as a prime mover. It will assume the major responsibility of a movement. • Antagonist- a muscle that causes the opposite movement of a prime mover, or agonist • Synergist- a muscle that will aid or help an agonist muscle, or prime mover

  3. 2. What are fixators? Give examples. • Fixators- are muscles that hold a joint or bone in place for another movement to occur. • Examples- serratus anterior, rotator cuff, etc.

  4. 3. What are the 7 ways in which a muscle can be named? • Location- bone or body region. • Shape of muscle- trapezius, etc. • Relative size of muscle- brevis, longus, etc • Direction of muscle fibers- rectus, oblique, etc • Number of origins- bicep, etc. • Location of the muscle origin/insertion • Action of the muscle- flexor, etc.

  5. 4. Name the muscles in charge of blinking, smiling, and kissing. • Blinking- orbicularis occuli • Smiling- zygomaticus • Kissing- orbicularis oris

  6. 5. What muscle is in charge of jaw closure? Chewing? • Jaw closure or chewing is controlled by the masseter. • The temporalis is in charge of holding the jaw in place

  7. 6. List the 2 major neck muscles and their functions. • Sternocleidomastoid- major functions or movement is head flexion and medial rotation • Scalenes- Group of 3 muscles: in charge of lateral flexion of the neck.

  8. 7. List the 3 muscles of the erector spinae. What is their (group) function? • Spinalis, longissimus, iliocstalis • The major function of the group is trunk extension. It can help in lateral flexion or rotation if only one side or part of the muscle contracts.

  9. 8. Compare and contrast the internal and external intercostal muscles, and diaphram. • Internal intercostals- located medially to the external intercostals. External intercostals help to inhale or breath in. Internal intercostals help to exhale or breath out. • Diaphram- dome shaped muscle at the floor of the thoracic cavity. It will flatten out when contracted, increasing the chest cavity size.

  10. 9. List the 4 muscles of the rotator cuff. What are their major functions? • Infraspinatus, supraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor • Major function is to hold the head of the humerus into the glenoid cavity of the scapula. • Will help some with the rotation of the humerus.

  11. 10. What are the 4 muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall? What is their function? • Rectus abdominus, transverse abdominus, internal obliques, and external obliques. • Transverse abdominus: in charge of tightening, or compressing, the abdominal cavity. The other 3 are in charge of trunk flexion. Will help in rotation if one side, or part, are contracted.

  12. 11. What is the triceps brachii? Function? • Triceps brachii- is the three headed muscle on the posterior upper arm. The heads go from the proximal end of the humerus (2 heads) and one from the scapula. Insertion is the olecranon process of the ulna. • Function is elbow (forearm) extension

  13. 12. List the 3 elbow flexors and their functions • The three elbow flexors are 1) biceps brachii 2) brachioradialis 3) brachialis • Function is elbow or forearm flexion and some supination of the forearm.

  14. 13. What are the 2 muscles of the Iliopsoas? Major function? • Illiacus- fan shaped muscle that is more lateral of the two. • Psoas major- longer, thicker muscle. More medial of the two • Function- prime mover of hip flexion. May aid in lateral lateral flexion of the vertebral column.

  15. 14. List the 5 muscles of the leg adductor group • Adductor magnus • Adductor longus • Adductor brevis • Pectineus • Gracilis • All are thigh adductors. Some will aid with lateral rotation, and some with medial rotation.

  16. 15. What are the 4 muscles of the quadriceps? What is their function? • Rectus femoris • Vastus lateralis • Vastus medialis • Vastus intermedius • All are prime movers of knee extension. • Some will help with hip flexion • All insert into the tibial tuberosity by the common patellar tendon (encloses the patella)

  17. 16. List the 3 muscles of the gluteal group. What is their function? • Gluteus maximus- major extensor of the thigh (hip) • Gluteus medius- abducts and medially rotates the thigh. Steadies the pelvis (important for walking) aids thigh (extension) • Gluteus minimus- smallest deepest of the glutes. Synergist to gluteus medius.

  18. 17. What are the 3 muscles of the hamstrings? Function? • Biceps femoris- most lateral of group, two heads, major knee flexor. Will help with thigh extension, lateral rotation • Semitendinosus- medial to biceps, thigh extension and knee flexion, medial rotation • Semimembranosus- deepest, thigh extension and knee flexion

  19. 18. List the dorsiflexors (& toe extenders) • Tibialis anterior • Extensor digitorum longus

  20. 19. List the plantar flexors. • Gastrocnemius- part of the “calf”, epicondyles of femur to calcaneus by the achilles tendon. • Soleus- other part of the calf. Superior tibia and fibula to the calcaneus by the achilles tendon. • Flexor digitorum longus- posterior tibia to the distal phalanges 2-5. runs behind the medial malleolus • Peroneus longus- lower fibula to metatarsals. Runs behind the lateral malleolus

  21. 20. What are the 3 major muscles of the shoulder? (not the rotator cuff) • Pectoralis major- shoulder flexion and horizontal adduction • Latissimus dorsi- shoulder adduction, and some extension • Deltoid- major shoulder abductor

  22. 21. List the muscles of the anterior thorax and posterior thorax, and their functions. • Anterior thorax • Pectoralis minor- pulls scalpula forward and downward • Serratus anterior- fixates the scapula against the ribs. “boxer’s” muscle • Subclavius- stabilizes pectoral girdle

  23. 21. List the muscles of the anterior thorax and posterior thorax, and their functions. (cont) • Posterior thorax • Trapezius- stabilizes, raises and rotates scapula • Levator scapula- elevates scapula • Rhomboids- retracts scapula, “squares the shoulders”

  24. 22. Compare and contrast the: 1) pronator teres and Supinator, and 2) extensor and flexor digitorum. 1. Pronator teres= pronation supinator = supination 2. extensor digitorum = extension of digits (fingers) flexor digit. = flexion of digits

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