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ANCIENT CHINA

ANCIENT CHINA. VOCABULARY. Ancestor Worship. The belief that your ancestors continue to influence the spirits and watch over extended family. Civil servant. A group of people whose job it is to carry out the work of the government. Confucius.

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ANCIENT CHINA

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  1. ANCIENT CHINA

  2. VOCABULARY

  3. Ancestor Worship • The belief that your ancestors continue to influence the spirits and watch over extended family

  4. Civil servant • A group of people whose job it is to carry out the work of the government

  5. Confucius • A Chinese philosopher and teacher whose beliefs had a great influence on the Chinese way of life

  6. currency • The type of money used by a group or a nation

  7. dike • A protective wall that controls or holds back water

  8. Extended Family • Closely related people of several generations

  9. Liu Bang (LYGH bahng) • The founder of the Han dynasty

  10. philosophy • A system of beliefs and values

  11. Shi Huangdi (surh hwahng dee) • Found of the Qin dynasty and the emperor of China

  12. Silk • A valuable cloth, originally made only in China from threads spun by caterpillars called silk worms

  13. The Silk Road • An ancient trade route between China and Europe

  14. Sima Qian (sih mah chen) • A Chinese scholar, astronomer and historian who wrote the most important history of China entitled Historical Records

  15. warlord • A local leader of an armed group

  16. Wudi • Chinese emperor who brough the Han dynasty to its greatest power

  17. Geographical Influence • Mountains, sea, and desert provide some protection and isolation • Vulnerable to northwest • River valleys 1. Yellow (Huang Ho) earliest civilization - damaging floods 2. Yangtze - very important in unification- transportation- irrigation 3. Chang river the longest river in China

  18. Earliest Civilizations In China • Earliest- Neolithic- Ban Po- similar to other parts of the world/ one of the oldest • Shang Dynasty 1500-11 BCE in North China along the Huang Ho- raised silk worms- silk part of lure and fascination of China, famous for bronze sculpture, daggers, jade jewelry paid homage to ancestors- family important • Chou (Zhou) 1027-256-longest-developed foundations for Chinese society

  19. Ancient China – A Way of Life - Confucianism • Moral and ethical code highly developed treat everyone with consideration • Advocated paternalistic government • Value on family head- ancestor respect • Values- loyalty, righteousness, wisdom, sincerity • very practical and humanistic Gentility

  20. Daoism (Taoism)created by LaoTzu (Lao Zi) • contemporary of Confucius • Tao= the road way • Absolute=sum of existence • Goal to bring people into harmony • very introspective • not as influential as Confucius

  21. Women and the 3 Obediences/4 Virtues **Disclaimer: This is not what I am teaching is relevant today but only in the content of understanding the culture of Ancient China.

  22. Relationships in Ancient China father-childruler-subjecthusband-wifeelder brother-younger brotherfriend-friend

  23. Zhou (Chou) Dynasty • Feudal society- emperor gave out fiefs • Shang thought they had a divine right- Chou rulers had responsibility • Zhou did take title “Son of Heaven” • compared to medieval Europe- had a code for dress, fighting etc. • no contracts

  24. Ancient Philosophies • About 500BCE Buddha, Confucius, Greek Philosophers and Chinese - Lao Tze • Called a flowering period • India more concerned with cosmos and soul • China more concerned with ethical life on earth • Ironic comparison of Asoka and Shi Huangdi

  25. Qin (Ch’in) Dynasty 221-206 BCE • dominated by “The First Emperor” • Qin Shi Huangdi (Chin Shi Huang Ti) • ambitious= understatement • centralized the government- rid of feudal lords • constructed roads and canals • The Great Wall- sacrifice AND • An amazing tomb found in 20th Century

  26. Han Dynasty 202BCE-220 CE(Roman Times) • Similar: built cities, officials to carry out edicts, heavy taxes collapsed under invasions and internal revolts • contact along the Silk Road, Buddhist Missionaries to China • combination of Confucius and legalism • advanced in science and literature • invented rudder, paper, magnetic compass, acupuncture • Short period of Civil War- Sui Dynasty connected two rivers with canal- over extended

  27. Tang Dynasty 618-907 CE Contributions • Internal renewal (improved lives of people) and external expansion • Used formal civil service exam to recruit-set up university • Tried to equalize land holdings- fought corruption • literature and art flourished- Tang horses p 203 • Inventions- paper during Han- used for clothes and tp- 589 used for writing- invented printing, gun powder, encyclopedia

  28. Song(Sung) Dynasty 960-1279 • moved the capitol east- • economic expansion- used paper money, • used abacus- • Silk Road traffic at height • when dangerous went to sea routes • first period of great oceanic commerce • trades tea, silk and porcelain for exotic woods and precious stones

  29. Chinese Inventions

  30. Chinese Develop Paper and Writing • Chinese first used wooden scrolls and bone to keep records and write. • Later they wrote messages and even whole books on silk • 105 A.D. invented paper. • Early paper was made from tree bark, hemp and old rags

  31. Chinese and Learning • Rulers encouraged their people to study the philosophy of Confucius and other philosophers • Expressive poetry flourished under the Han dynasty • Confucius is known as the “first teacher”

  32. The Silk Road • Ancient trade route between China and Europe • Chinese kept the secret of making silk a high priority and grew rich from the trade of this material • Individuals found guilty of relating the secret of making silk were executed

  33. The Great Wall of China • Originally created during the Han dynasty by the first emperor Shi Huangdi • Built to protect China from invaders in the North • Original wall built in 10 years • Due to the continuous additions over the many generations the Great Wall of China is not a single wall but a system of walls • The Great Wall of China is over 4,500 miles in length

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