Periodic Table & Trends

1. Periodic Table & Trends • Objective: To understand the physical and chemical properties of atoms based on their position on the Periodic Table • NC Essential Standards 1.3 • What does “periodic” mean?

2. The Pattern is the Key Put the following into a pattern 3 across 4 down Bluebird, green hummingbird, red cardinal, pink flamingo Pink freight truck, Red pick-up truck, green Civic, Blue SUV Green cottage, Blue house, Red brick apartment building, Dilworth’s pink glass building

3. A Chemist’s Most Useful ToolHow can we use the Periodic Tableto understand the properties of elements?

4. Periodic Table • http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-genius-of-mendeleev-s-periodic-table-lou-serico • Also see Review & Dig Deeper on webpage

5. Electron Arrangement impacts the shape of the Periodic Table • Periods • Groups • Blocks

6. Elements are arranged in Periods (_____) according to the total number of _________ _________ for their electrons. b. The Periodic Table can be divided into 4 blocks based on electron configurations for the elements. Groups Val electrons Block S Block P Block D Block F

7. Valence e- Electron dot 1 18 Periods Representative elements are elements in groups 1 & 2; 13-18. These valence electrons are in the _____ and _____ & ________ sublevels.

8. S, P, D, F Blocks Periods 18

9. Understanding of Metals vs. Non-metals • Examples Metals Non-metals • Properties • Physical • Chemical What do you already know? – Sort terms

10. Understanding metals vs. non-metalsvideo segment • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2xFx7Ipaf8U • Science film segment • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lQap3cRnP28 • YouTube – reactivity – based on position on PT • Clips showing reactivity • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EYOunr2Lwxs • Slides – good pictures but no sound

11. Understanding Metals vs. Non-metalsPhysical Properties • Black Study Guide • Metals: p. 47 • Non-metals: p. 50 Sort terms for metals vs. non-metals

12. Physical & Chemical Properties 1 18

13. Elements: Basic Building Blocks • Hunting for Elements – (intro – 4 minutes) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-bENV1arP0g • 2 hours • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hd6vB82oiQ0

14. Element Song • http://www.edu-cyberpg.com/IEC/elementsong.html • Educational CyberPlayGround ®: K-12 Interdisciplinary Curriculum

15. Element Groups • Elements are arranged in groups (____________) according to the number of their ___________ _____________ • Definition: • Elements in the same group have _________ __________ properties.

16. Groups: Similar chemical properties • Video segment

17. Group Names: describe their properties Hydrogen is unique! Groups important to know: 1 2 Groups 3 - 12 14,15,16,17,18

18. Representative (main group) elements are:

19. Elements: Basic Building Blocks • Hunting for Elements – (intro – 4 minutes) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-bENV1arP0g • 2 hours • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hd6vB82oiQ0

20. Element Groups & Properties

21. Ordering Elements by Properties Follow the instructions on the small card Arrange the elements based on properties Put elements into columns and rows in a pattern Use physical and chemical properties Why did you put an element card at the top of a column? Why should another be placed lower or to the right?

22. Results? Analyze your results: Make a table that shows the order of your elements (see next slide) Show the patterns for the properties Physical properties - explain the pattern for each physical property Chemical properties – explain the pattern

23. Ordering Groups of Elements by Properties

24. Ion Practice • Ion Formation base on electron configuration • Metal or non-metal? • Compare atom & ion • Electron configuration and Electron Dot Notation • Additional practice • Using Lewis Diagrams

25. Representing Ions • Ions are formed when the __________ electrons are lost or gained. • Metals ________ valence electrons to form _______ ions, called __________. Non-metals _______ valence electrons until they have 8 and form _______ ions, called __________.

26. Comparing atoms & ions

27. Comparing atoms & ions

28. Atoms & Ions

29. Atoms & Ions

30. How do metal atoms lose electrons? Ionization energy Ground State, Excited State, Ionization energy Lithium

31. How do non-metal atoms gain electrons? Electronegativity Large metal atom Small non-metal atom

32. Forming Compounds • They come together to form a ______________ ______________ . • Many formula units are held together to make an _______ compound.

33. Periodic Trend Animation • http://faculty.ucc.edu/chemistry-pankuch/Amin.html • Atomic size • Ionic size • Ionization • Electronegativity • For later used: bond formation

34. Trends for Ionization Energy & ElectronegativityArrows to show trends for metals & non-metals 1 18 Reactivity: trends for metals and non-metals

35. 6. Octet Rule Atoms tend to ______, ______, or _______ electrons in order to have _____ valence electrons. _______ valence electrons gives stability. Exception: Duet rule:

36. 7. Reactivity Group 18 (called the _______________) are ____________ (also called ________ or _____________), because: Group 1 (called ____________) are the most reactive metals because: Group 17 (called ___________) are the most reactive nonmetals because:

37. Trends for Ionization Energy & ElectronegativityArrows to show trends for metals & non-metals 1 18 Reactivity: trends for metals and non-metals

38. Predicting Properties of Elements - based on the position on the Periodic Table : Size; IE; EN Property: which element has the largest value? Ca vs. Br C vs. SnF vs. I Si vs. Cl Na vs. P Li vs. K Be vs. O S vs. Ar Al vs. S Ne vs. Kr B vs. Al B vs. Ne