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Periodic Table Trends

Periodic Table Trends. Atomic Radius. Half the distance between the nuclei of two identical atoms bonded together. Atomic Radius. Atomic Radius. Across a Period= DECREASES As you add more protons, the attractive force of the nucleus increases, pulling electrons in more closely

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Periodic Table Trends

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  1. Periodic Table Trends

  2. Atomic Radius • Half the distance between the nuclei of two identical atoms bonded together

  3. Atomic Radius

  4. Atomic Radius • Across a Period= DECREASES • As you add more protons, the attractive force of the nucleus increases, pulling electrons in more closely • Down a Group=INCREASES • As you add more energy levels, the size of the electron cloud increases

  5. Which of the elements would have the largest radius? • 13-Aluminum • 14-Silicon • 17-Chlorine • 12- Magnesium • 16-Sulfur

  6. Ionization Energy • The energy required to remove one electron from a neutral atom. • High I.E. – Harder to lose electrons • Low I.E. –Easier to lose electrons

  7. Ionization Energy

  8. Ionization Energy • Across a Period=INCREASES • Electrons are closer to nucleus, therefore harder to remove • Down a Group=DECREASES • Electrons are farther from the nucleus, therefore easier to remove

  9. Which element would have the lowest ionization energy? • 20- Calcium • 56- Barium • 4- Beryllium • 38- Strontium • 12-Magnesium

  10. Electron Affinity • The energy released when a neutral atom acquires an electron. • Elements that really want another electron tend to release more energy (higher E.A.) Across a period= INCREASES Down a group= DECREASES

  11. Electronegativity • The ability of an atom to attract electrons • The most electronegative element is fluorine Across a Period= INCREASES Down a Group= DECREASES

  12. Which of the elements would have the highest electronegativity? • 13-Aluminum • 14-Silicon • 17-Chlorine • 12- Magnesium • 16-Sulfur

  13. METALS vs NONMETALS • METALLIC CHARACTER • Lower I.E. (tend to lose e-) • Lower E.N. (don’t want e-) • High Luster (shiny!) • Good Conductors • Malleable and Ductile • MOST METALLIC ELEMENT: • NONMETALLIC CHARACTER • High I.E. (don’t want to lose e-) • High E.N. (tend to gain e-) • Dull (no luster) • Poor Conductors • Brittle as solids • MOST NONMETALLIC ELEMENT: Francium Fluorine

  14. Which of the elements would be the least reactive metal? • 13-Aluminum • 14-Silicon • 17-Chlorine • 12- Magnesium • 16-Sulfur

  15. Which of the elements would be the most reactive nonmetal? • 13-Aluminum • 14-Silicon • 17-Chlorine • 12- Magnesium • 16-Sulfur

  16. 37-Rubidium would have all of the following characteristics except? • High Conductivity • High Malleability • High Brittleness • Solid at Room Temperature • 1 Valence Electron

  17. 35-Bromine would have which one of the following characteristics? • High Conductivity • High Malleability • High Brittleness • Solid at Room Temperature • 7 Valence Electrons

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