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Germany Before Hitler

Germany Before Hitler . History of the Holocaust . German Second Reich . Germany Unified in 1871 Called the Second Reich Reich = empire, realm Kaiser (King) Wilhelm I Otto von Bismarck, architect of Germany “real politik ”—politics based on power and practicalities—not ideology.

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Germany Before Hitler

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  1. Germany Before Hitler History of the Holocaust

  2. German Second Reich • Germany Unified in 1871 • Called the Second Reich • Reich = empire, realm • Kaiser (King) Wilhelm I • Otto von Bismarck, architect of Germany • “real politik”—politics based on power and practicalities—not ideology

  3. World War I: Long Term Causes

  4. Tangled Alliances Triple Alliance Triple Entente • Agreed to support one another if war began • Germany • Austria-Hungary • Italy • A friendship agreement, not an agreement to help fight a war • Great Britain • France • Russia

  5. The July Crisis: Stopping All Out War

  6. Germany's Plan of Attack • Schleiffen Plan • In the event of a two-front war, attack France then Russia • Speed of victory was necessary for the plan to work • Invade France through Belgium

  7. The War Ends • On Nov. 9, 1918 Kaiser Wilhelm II stepped down in Germany • Germany is now a republic • Two days later, Nov. 11, Germany signs an armistice (agreement to stop fighting)

  8. Comparative Losses in World War I

  9. Wilson's Fourteen Points • An outline for achieving a just and lasting peace

  10. 14th Point • Create a “League of Nations” to help keep peace in Europe

  11. Paris Peace Conference: The Big Four

  12. The Treaty of Versailles • The Big Four agree on terms, and Germany signs June 1919. • Article 231: • The “war guilt ” clause places all responsibility for the war on Germany • TERMS of TREATY: • Germany to pay $33 Billion in reparations (damages) • Lost territory in Europe and Africa • Not allowed to join League of Nations • Limited to small volunteer army and no navy or air force

  13. A Peace Built on Quicksand • U.S. Congress rejected the Treaty of Versailles • Does not join League of Nations • Germany was bitter and hated what they saw as unfair treatment • Colonies did not get their independence • Austria-Hungary and Russia was chopped up into the new nations of: • Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Austria, Hungary, Turkey, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Finland

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