Libya

1. Libya Quentin green, santosontiveros, jeyshonhawthorne, jamestarantino

2. Important people and places • Arab Islamic Rule 642–1551 • Siege of Tripoli in 1551 allowed the Ottomans to capture the city from the Knights of St. John. • Italian Colony and WWII 1911–1951 • The Karamanlis ruled from 1711 until 1835 mainly in Tripolitania

3. Physical feature( rivers, landforms, etc,.) • There are no rivers and the only lakes are small, and normally found in the Sahara together with oases. • Libya is very mountainous many mountains, hills, snow, trees, and forests • an extremely poor desert state whose only important physical asset appeared to ... and the Sahara Desert

4. Humans and the physical environment • The physical environment and agriculture of Libya and Egypt with special reference to their regions containing areas climatically and latitudinally analogous ... agro-climatic counterparts of Israel) • Libya is mostly covered by the Sahara plateau. Underground, there are several water systems which are able to supply the wells and springs with the product.

5. Geographic factors and natural resources • Libya is fourth in size among the countries of Africa and seventeenth among the countries of the world. Its coastline lies between Egypt and Tunisia. Although the oil discoveries of the 1960s have brought it immense petroleum wealth, at the time of its independence it was an extremely poor desert state whose only important physical asset appeared to be its strategic location at the midpoint of Africa's northern rim. It lay within easy reach of the major European nations and linked the Arab countries of North Africa with those of the Middle East, facts that throughout history had made its urban centers bustling crossroads rather than isolated backwaters without external social influences. Consequently, an immense social gap developed between the cities, cosmopolitan and peopled largely by foreigners, and the desert hinterland, where tribal chieftains ruled in isolation and where social change was minimal.

6. culture • Food in normal daily life reflects the simplicity of peasant and nomadic life styles. Libyan cooking styles are similar whether rural or urban, sedentary or nomadic. Main courses are almost always one–pot dishes. • Ethnic groups: Berber and Arab 97%; other 3% (includes Greeks, Maltese, Italians • In 1934, Italy adopted the name "Libya" (used by the Greeks for all of North Africa, except Egypt) as the official name of the colony, which consisted of the Provinces of Cyrenaica, Tripolitania, and Fezzan. King Idris I, Emir of Cyrenaica, led Libyan resistance to Italian occupation between the two world wars. Allied forces removed Axis powers from Libya in February 1943. Tripolitania and Cyrenaica came under separate British administration, while the French controlled Fezzan. In 1944, Idris returned from exile in Cairo but declined to resume permanent residence in Cyrenaica until the removal in 1947 of some aspects of foreign control. Under the terms of the 1947 peace treaty with the Allies, Italy relinquished all claims to Libya. • Ethnic groups: Berber and Arab 97%; other 3% (includes Greeks, Maltese, Italians, Egyptians, Pakistanis, Turks, Indians, and Tunisians). • Religion: Sunni Muslim 97%, other 3% • Languages: Arabic is the primary language. English and Italian are understood in major cities.

7. Government • Official name: Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya • Type: "Jamahiriya" is a term Col. Mu'ammar al-Qadhafi coined and which he defines as a "state of the masses" governed by the populace through local councils. In practice, Libya is an authoritarian state. • Independence: Libya declared independence on December 24, 1951 • Revolution Day: September 1, 1969

8. Location North Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt, Tunisia, and Algeria, southern border with Chad, Niger, and Sudan. .