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The Cold War Era

The Cold War Era. Chapter 27. Cold War Origins. Section 1. Post WWII Questions. What do we do with lands occupied by the Sov. Un.? How should gov’ts be set up in areas devastated by war? Meeting of the “Big 3” Roosevelt – US Churchill – Britain Stalin – Sov. Un.

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The Cold War Era

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  1. The Cold War Era Chapter 27

  2. Cold War Origins Section 1

  3. Post WWII Questions • What do we do with lands occupied by the Sov. Un.? • How should gov’ts be set up in areas devastated by war? • Meeting of the “Big 3” • Roosevelt – US • Churchill – Britain • Stalin – Sov. Un. • Soviets agreed to hold free elections in occupied territories, Split Germany in 4

  4. United Nations • President Harry Truman takes office • 50 nations – including Sov. Un. • Settle disputes, prevent war

  5. Soviet Expansion • No free elections = communist countries • European Split • East – Soviet Communism – “equality”, common goods and property, massive gov’t control • West – Capitalist Democracy • “Iron Curtain” – Sov. Un. Cut off eastern Europe from the west • Possible expansion south (Turkey, Greece)

  6. Containing the Soviets • Containment – preventing the expansion of power • Non military • Western Europe and Japan • Truman Doctrine – help threatened nations • Greece and Turkey • Marshall Plan – give economic aid to western Europe

  7. Crisis in Berlin • Germany divided • East – Soviet union • West – US, Britain, France • Berlin divided • Soviet blockade of Berlin • American airlift – transport of supplies by air

  8. Crisis in Berlin • Two nations formed • East Germany – German Democratic Republic • West Germany – Federal Republic of Germany

  9. Two Armed Camps • Cold War – a war in which the two sides do not actually fight • US vs. SU • Building up the military • NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization • US, Canada and 10 European nations • “an attack on one is an attack on all” • Warsaw Pact – Soviet response to NATO • Europe further divided

  10. US Rearms • Arms Race – who can build the biggest and the best • US must lead the way!!! • National Securities Council • US builds the largest military in HISTORY!!!

  11. Independence Movement • Philippines break from the US • India, Pakistan, Burma, and 25 African nations break away from European powers

  12. Dividing Palestine • ½ to Jews, ½ to Arabs • Israel to the Jews • Jerusalem is an international city • Constant war

  13. Communism to China • Civil War, Communist Victory • Mao Zedong

  14. Post WWII Politics Section 2

  15. Post War Economy • GI Bill of Rights • $ in loans for returning soldiers • Reduced unemployment – boosted economy • Inflation – rise in prices • Removal of price controls • Availability/desire to buy things • Workers seek better conditions – STRIKE! • Truman forces them back to work

  16. Political Struggle • Truman (Democrat) faces off against Republicans • “Fair Deal” • Raise minimum wage • Expand social security • More public housing • National health insurance • Republicans control congress – “Had Enough”

  17. Election of 1948 • Thomas Dewey vs. Harry Truman • Chicago Tribune – “Dewey defeats Truman” ***MISTAKE!!! • Truman won by narrow margin • Dem’s control both houses of congress • Fair Deal passes – Kind of

  18. Civil Rights • Civil Rights – ALL people receive equal rights, no discrimination • Give all races equal rights • Protect African Am. voting rights • Desegregatethe military • End racial separation

  19. The Korean War Section 3

  20. Road to War • Korea – little known by the average American • Divided at the end of WWII – 38th Parallel • US • Soviet Union • Remained divided after occupation • Tensions high

  21. Soviet Union China North Korea 38th Parallel South Korea

  22. Conflict Begins • N. Korea wanted to unify country by force • June 25, 1950 – N. Korea invades • Easy victory • Captured the capital city of Seoul • Truman believed this was supported by the Soviets

  23. UN Responds • UN sends troops to assist S. Korea • Gen. Douglas MacArthur • Over 20 nations sent troops • US had the largest number

  24. Soviet Union China North Korea 38th Parallel Seoul South Korea

  25. War Rages On • Chinese forces help N. Korea • MacArthur and Truman dispute strategy • MacArthur makes bold move • Troops to South (Pusan) • Troops to the middle (Inchon) • UN recaptures S. Korea

  26. Soviet Union China North Korea 38th Parallel Seoul South Korea Pusan

  27. Soviet Union China North Korea 38th Parallel Seoul Inchon South Korea Pusan

  28. On the Offensive • MacArthur wanted to press on into N. Korea • Truman allowed • UN pushes north almost to Chinese border • China replies “STOP OR ELSE!!!” • We didn’t listen • N. Korea & China recapture Seoul

  29. Soviet Union China North Korea P'yongyang 38th Parallel Seoul Inchon South Korea Pusan

  30. Soviet Union China Sea of Japan North Korea P'yongyang 38th Parallel Yellow Sea Seoul Inchon South Korea Pusan East China Sea

  31. American Leadership Divided • By Jan. 1951 UN forces recapture Seoul and push N. Korea back to 38th Parallel • Stalemate – neither side gains ground toward victory • 2 years • Truman vs. MacArthur • MacArthur – we need to attack China!!! • Truman – we need peace • MacArthur fired – American’s not happy

  32. End of Conflict • Peace talks for 2 years • Treaty signed – July 27, 1953 • Created a demilitarized zone – no military can enter • Between North and South Korea • Neither side won • 54,000 Americans died, 2 million Koreans and Chinese died • America accomplished their goal of containment

  33. The Red Scare Section 4

  34. The Red Scare • Fear of Communist subversion – sabotage • Knowledge of the Soviet atomic bomb • Fear that “Reds” had taken over the US • No one was safe from accusations

  35. Cold War Fears • Truman ordered investigation of all federal employees • 6 million, many lost their jobs • Many organizations questioned loyalty • Loyalty oaths • McCarran Act – all communists have to register • Vetoed

  36. Un-American Activities • House of Un-American Activities • Investigating communist subversion • Guilty by association • “The Hollywood Ten” • Blacklists – lists of individuals whose loyalty was suspicious

  37. Spies Revealed • Taking gov’t secrets and giving them to the Soviets • Perjury – lying in court

  38. McCarthyism • A hunt for alleged communists • Declared w/o proof • Led by Senator Joseph McCarthy • Went around claiming that the gov’t was full of communists • Lost much support during Army-McCarthy hearings • Ruined the lives of many innocent people • Senate voted to censure him for misconduct • Formally criticize

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