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Cold War Era Trends. 1. Movement for European Unity. political unif. fail / economic unif. succeed OEEC (1948) Council of Europe (1949) Coal and Steel Community (1952-2002) European Econ. Community / European Community / Common Market (1958-1993) Treaty of Rome (1957)
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1. Movement for European Unity political unif. fail / economic unif. succeed • OEEC (1948) • Council of Europe (1949) • Coal and Steel Community (1952-2002) • European Econ. Community / European Community / Common Market (1958-1993) • Treaty of Rome (1957) • European Union, EU(1993-present) • Maastricht Treaty (1991) – est. € (2002) • 2004 constitution
2. Science & Technology • practical applications • radar, jets, atomic bomb • Big Science • big ... orgs., projects, funding • ex. space race • results: • sci. community grows • more specialization • more teamwork • more competition Time cover, 1968.
3. Social Classes • greater social mobility • middle class more open and growing • lower class more urban and decreasing • greater social equality due to: • industrial/tech expansion demand for white collar jobs • old propertied classes lost land/businesses • social welfare programs • “gadget revolution” • recreation: explosion of mass travel
4. Women’s Movement • early marriage & childbearing, small families, women work outside the home • factors that helped women find jobs: • postwar econ boom • more white collar jobs • access to education • East Bloc – women were half of all employed persons + entered “male” professions like medicine
4. Women’s Movement • 1970s-1980s: feminist movement • Goals: workplace rights; right to divorce, abortion, protection against violence, help for single moms • Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex (1949) • Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique (1963); NOW (1966)
5. Youth & Counterculture (‘60s-’70s) • rebellion against traditional authorities & status quo • sex, drugs & rock ’n’ roll • leftist politics, student protests • Vietnam • France 1968
6. Postwar Migration • 1950s-60s: influx of immigrants • change from pattern of emigration • ppl came for jobs – big demand for labor • patterns of movement: • rural urban areas • less-developed south industrial north • former colonies European mother countries • guest worker programs • impact: helped econ recovery; growing ethnic diversity; integration difficulties