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Chapter 18: The Civil War (1861-1865). Section 1: The War Begins. 1. Federal property included post offices, forts , and military supply houses. 2. Major Robert Anderson was the federal officer in charge of Fort Sumter in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina. 3.
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1. Federal property included post offices, forts, and military supply houses.
2. Major Robert Anderson was the federal officer in charge of Fort Sumter in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina.
3. General P.G.T. Beauregard surrounded the fort with cannons.
4. When the general learned of an approaching Union fleet, a bombardment began. On the second day, Major Anderson surrendered the fort.
5. Almost immediately, the United States declared war on the Confederacy.
6. Lincoln did not want to make abolition the goal of the war because not all Northerners agreed on the issue. He also wanted to hold on to the border states.
7. The state of West Virginia was formed as a result of Southern secession.
8. One reason why Lincoln held so firmly to the border sate of Maryland was that its secession would leave the Union capital in enemy territory.
9. Lincoln also wanted to hold onto the state of Missouri and Kentucky because they controlled the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers.
10. Advantages of the South: • Tradition of military excellence • Goal of protecting their way of life.
11. Advantages of the North: • Larger population • Many factories and railroads.
12. For the most part, amateurs led amateurs in the Union army.
13. At first the Union army was led by Winfield Scott. Eventually, Lincoln discovered his best leader, Ulysses S. Grant.
14. Jefferson Davis chose Albert S. Johnston to lead the battles in the West and Robert E. Lee in the East.
Albert S. Johnston Robert E. Lee
1. General P.G.T. Beauregard commanded the Confederate troops at the First Battle of Bull Run.
2. Another name for the Union army was Yankees.
3. General Thomas Jackson got the nickname “Stonewall” because he firmly held his ground at the First Battle of Bull Run.
4. The Confederacy (South) won the First Battle of Bull Run.
5. George McClellan led the Union troops on a campaign that had as its goal the capture of Richmond.
6. The Battles of the Seven Days in June 1862 led to McClellan’s retreat.
7. The Confederacy won the Second Battle of Bull Run as well.
8. Some goods slipped through the blockade to reach the South because of blockade-runners.
9. The Battle of Antietam occurred near Sharpsburg, Maryland and resulted in huge casualties on both sides.
10. Abraham decided to end slavery because he needed full support of antislavery groups.
11. The Emancipation Proclamation came into effect January 1, 1863. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K7nH-pjf3eY
