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Western Art Music

Western Art Music. Era, Era. Medieval (1150-1450) Renaissance (1450-1600) Baroque (1600-1750) Classical (1750-1820) Romantic (1820-1920) Modern (1920-Present). Medieval Era. Was there music before the medieval? Yes.

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Western Art Music

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  1. Western Art Music

  2. Era, Era • Medieval (1150-1450) • Renaissance (1450-1600) • Baroque (1600-1750) • Classical (1750-1820) • Romantic (1820-1920) • Modern (1920-Present)

  3. Medieval Era • Was there music before the medieval? Yes. • Medieval life- infant mortality high, rampant diseases, most people died before age 30. • c.850- Earliest known musical notation of plainchant • Plainchant- one line of singing, no harmony, no instruments. • Most music controlled by the church (separation of church and state limited in this time)

  4. Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Paris (1163-1345)

  5. Renaissance • French word for “Rebirth” • Rise of secular (not religious) music forms and polyphony (multiple voices at the same time) • Minstrels, troubadours, minnesingers.

  6. Renaissance Artists Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) Donatello (1386-1466) Michelangelo (1475-1564) Raphael (1483-1520)

  7. “The Last Supper”Leonardo da Vinci, 1495-98

  8. Baroque Times • Jamestown, Virginia founded as first English colony in North America (1607) • Math/Science- Newton, Galileo, Copernicus • English Civil War (1642-1651) • Old empires dissolving, new ones forming; rise of Nationalism • Music is more ornate than previous times; instrumental music written more than vocal music. • Composers: Bach, Händel, Vivaldi.

  9. St. Paul’s Cathedral,London, England (1710) Architect- Sir Christopher Wren.

  10. Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) • German • Worked as court composer and/or music director in three cities • 1126 known published works, all recorded by Bach Works Catalogue (BWV) • Survived by many sons who also became composers

  11. Georg Friderich Händel(1685-1759) • German-born • Known especially for oratorio Messiah (1741) and Water Music (1717) • 1723- moved to London, commissioned to write works for Royal Academy of Music, Covent Garden Opera, and King George I. • One of few foreign-born personalities to be buried in Westminster Abbey

  12. The Classical Era • New addition to music: dynamics and phrasing • Less complex/ornate than baroque music • 4 July 1776- Declaration of Independence • 14 July 1789- Bastille Day- beginning of French Revolution • 1806- Napoleon storms in, Holy Roman Empire dissolves • Musical life is centered around Vienna

  13. Franz Josef Haydn(1732-1809) Austrian “Father of the Symphony” , wrote over 100 symphonies Taught Beethoven

  14. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) Austrian Child prodigy- toured around Europe with his father First opera- age 14 Operas- Don Giovanni, Le Nozze di Figaro, Die Zauberflöte Last piece composed was ironically the Requiem Mass

  15. Ludwig van Beethoven(1770-1827) German-born Student of Haydn Began to lose hearing around 1796 One opera, 32 piano sonatas, nine ground-breaking symphonies.

  16. Romanticist Music • Music tells a story, mostly of the human experience. • Composers begin to write based on their country’s folk music traditions • Russia- Mussorgsky, Rimsky-Korsakov, Tchaikovsky • Germany/Austria- Brahms, Strauss I, Strauss II, Schumann, Wagner • France- Faure, Berlioz, Saint-Säens, Bizet • Eastern Europe- Dvořák (Czech), Liszt (Hungarian), Chopin (Polish), Sibelius (Finnish), Grieg (Norwegian) • Italy- Puccini, Verdi, Rossini, Paganini

  17. Museum of science and industry, chicago, 1893

  18. “CLASSICAL” MUSIC IN THE 20TH CENTURY • All about breaking the traditional rules of music and being creative • Had more competition with the rise of folk music forms (jazz, pop, rock, etc.) • “BIG invention in music- phonograph (1877)

  19. Impressionism • “Focuses on a suggestion or an atmosphere rather than an emotion or telling a story” • Use of less common scales and intervals • Composers: Claude Debussy, Maurice Ravel, Erik Satie (all French) Monet: “Impression, Sunrise” (1872)

  20. Postmodern music • Chance music- Music based on everything that happens around it. • Serialism- music based on short patterns. • Sound, more than music- using instruments in different ways to make different sounds (George Crumb, Henry Cowell, Krzysztof Penderecki) • Minimalism- Phillip Glass, Steve Reich, John Adams

  21. Postmodern art Dadaism- “The Treachery of Images”, Rene Magritte, 1929

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