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Warm Up

Warm Up. As a group, complete the concept map on chart paper. Integumentary System. McDougal/ Littel. Skin Performs Important Functions. Includes skin, hair, and nails. Functions: Skin repels water. Skin guards against infection. Skin helps maintain homeostasis.

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Warm Up

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  1. Warm Up • As a group, complete the concept map on chart paper.

  2. Integumentary System McDougal/Littel

  3. Skin Performs Important Functions • Includes skin, hair, and nails. • Functions: • Skin repels water. • Skin guards against infection. • Skin helps maintain homeostasis. • Skin senses the environment.

  4. The structure of skin is complex. Epidermis Dermis Derma-skin Inner layer Strong and elastic. Changes shape to prevent tearing Rich in blood vessels (02 ) Fatty tissue ; protects the body from extremes in temperature, stores energy Includes sweat and oil glands, hair, nails, and sensory receptors. Epi- above/upon Outer layer • The cells of the epidermis contain many protein fibers that give the skin tough, protective qualities. • Waterproof layer about 30 cells deep.

  5. Sweat and Oil Glands • Sweat glands help control body temperature, • Oil glands protect the skin by keeping it moist. • Both types glands open to the surface through tiny openings in the skin called pores. • Pores allow important substances to pass to the skin’s surface. • Pores can become clogged with dirt and oil. Keeping the skin clean can prevent blockages.

  6. How Do These Glands Maintain Homeostasis ?

  7. You Try • Rub a cotton ball dampened with alcohol across one of your palms. • Alcohol removes the oil from the surface of your skin. • Drip a couple of drops of water onto the palm with alcohol. • Observe what happens. • Record your observations. • Drip a couple of drops of water onto your other palm. • Observe what happens. • Record your observations.

  8. Hair and Nails • Many cells in your hair and nails are dead but continue to perform important functions. • Hair • Shields your head from the Sun. • In cold weather, it traps heat close to your head to keep you warmer. • Fingernails and toenails • protect the tips of the fingers and toes from injury.

  9. Sensory Receptors • These receptors are part of the nervous system located in your skin. • Your skin contains receptors that sense • heat • cold • pain • touch • pressure • These sensors help protect the body.

  10. Sense • List words associated with the term sense. • 1. • 2. • 3. • 4. • 5.

  11. The Skin Grows and Heals • Most of the growth of your skin occurs at the base of the epidermis just above the dermis. • The cells there grow and divide to form new cells, constantly replacing older epidermal cells as they die and are brushed off during daily activity. • Which process involves the growing and dividing of new cells?

  12. Injuries and Healing • Injuries to your skin may include blisters, burns, cuts, and bruises. • Most such injuries result from the skin’s contact with the outside world, such as a concrete sidewalk. • In simple injuries, the skin can usually repair itself.

  13. Burns • Burns can be serious injuries caused by heat, electricity, radiation, or certain chemicals. • In mild cases—those of first-degree burns—skin merely becomes red, and the burn heals in a day or two. • In severe cases—those of second-degree and third-degree burns—the body loses fluids, and death can result from fluid loss, infection, and other complications. • http://www.classzone.com/books/ml_science_share/vis_sim/hbm05_pg87_skin/hbm05_pg87_skin.html

  14. Damage to Skin/Protection • Sunburns • Repeated burning can increase the chance of skin cancer. • Frostbite • extreme cases, frostbitten limbs become diseased and have to be amputated. • Good nutrition • Appropriate coverings • Cleanliness

  15. Artificial Skin • To make artificial skin, scientists start with cells in a tiny skin sample. • Cells from infants are used because infant skin-cell molecules are still developing, and scientists can manipulate the molecules to avoid transplant rejection. • The cells from just one small sample of skin can be grown into enough artificial skin to cover 15 basketball courts. • Before artificial skin, badly burned victims didn’t have much chance to live. • Today, 96 out of 100 burn victims survive.

  16. What the Functions of the Skin? • Create a Venn diagram comparing the functions of the dermis and the epidermis.

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