1 / 44

Nuclear Chemistry Review

Nuclear Chemistry Review. What is electromagnetic radiation ?. radiation moving at the speed of light. To a certain degree the stability of a nucleus can be correlated to its ratio of _________ to ________. Protons, neutrons.

cora
Download Presentation

Nuclear Chemistry Review

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Nuclear ChemistryReview

  2. What is electromagnetic radiation? • radiation moving at the speed of light

  3. To a certain degree the stability of a nucleus can be correlated to its ratio of _________ to ________ • Protons, neutrons

  4. _____________ of cadmium or boron are used to control the fission process inside the reactor by absorbing neutrons during the reaction. • Control rods

  5. What type of radiation has sufficient energy to damage DNA? • Ionizing radiation

  6. List 2 of the 4 types of nuclear reactions. • Radioactive Decay • Nuclear Bombardment • Fission • Fusion

  7. What is the name of the woman who was a pioneer of nuclear chemistry? • Marie Curie

  8. What is the charge of an alpha particle? • +2

  9. How are nuclear reactions different from chemical reactions? • Chemical = involve boding of valence electrons; same types & amounts of atoms on reactant side as product side • Nuclear = involve changes in the nucleus (protons/neutrons); different atoms as reactant side as compared to product s

  10. What are the 3 types of nuclear radiation? • Alpha particles • Beta particles • Gamma rays

  11. What is the nuclear symbol for an alpha particle AND beta particle? • Alpha = • Beta =

  12. What could stop gamma rays? • Several cm of lead/cement

  13. What could stop alpha particles? • A piece of paper

  14. What is the charge of a beta particle? • -1

  15. The spontaneous break-down of a nucleus into a slightly lighter nucleus, accompanied by the emission of nuclear radiation is known as ____ • Radioactive decay

  16. Radiation with NOT enough energy to ionize atoms or molecules is called __________ • Non-ionizing radiation

  17. Which type of nuclear radiation travels at the speed of light? • Gamma rays

  18. Mass of fissionable material needed to sustain a nuclear chain reaction is called ________ • Critical mass

  19. A general term for any type of energy that emanates or radiates outward in all directions is called ______ • Radiation

  20. Write the hyphen notation of an isotope of radium (Ra) with the mass number of 238 and atomic number of 88 • Radium - 238

  21. Write the nuclear symbol of an isotope with an atomic number of 13 and a mass number of 29.

  22. A change in the identity of a nucleus because of a change in the number of its protons is called ______ • Transmutation

  23. What is fission? • A heavy nucleus SPLITS- forming medium weight nuclei

  24. Atoms of the same element having different numbers of NEUTRONS and, therefore, a different mass number and atomic mass are called ________ • Isotopes

  25. During fission and fusion reactions, what is the relationship between the MASS of the reactants and the products? • The mass of the products is LESS than the mass of the reactants

  26. What type of nuclear radiation consists of particles containing two protons and two neutrons? • Alpha

  27. Which type of nuclear radiation has NO CHARGE? • Gamma Rays

  28. ______ is the missing mass of a nuclear reaction that is converted into energy. • Mass defect

  29. Which type of nuclear radiation has the LARGEST mass? • Alpha particles

  30. The time needed for the decay of one half the atoms in a sample of radioactive material is known as______________ • ½ life

  31. What powers the sun? • FUSION

  32. What type of nuclear reaction occurs when the nucleus is hit with alpha particles, neutrons, protons or other particles? • Nuclear Bombardment

  33. Small amounts of mass are converted to HUGE amounts of energy according to Einstein's famous formula. What is this formula? • E = mc2

  34. What type of nuclear reaction happens at TMI? • FISSION

  35. What is a benefit of radiation? • Medicine • Military • Anthropology • Food-microwaves • Energy- electricity

  36. What type of radiation is emitted in the following equation? • Beta Particle

  37. Balance the following equation.

  38. Balance the following equation.

  39. Which type of nuclear radiation has the HIGHEST ionizing ability? • Alpha Particle

  40. List an example of how radiation is BENEFICIAL. • Medicine- tracers, cancer treatment • Military – bombs • Anthropology – carbon dating • Food – microwaves • Electricity - TMI

  41. Which type of nuclear radiation has the LOWEST ionizing ability? • Gamma rays

  42. How long does it take one radioactive atom to decay? • It is impossible to tell!! • Half-life is based on a sample of radioactive atoms

  43. What is fusion? • 2 light weight nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus

  44. Which would produce the MOST energy from a reaction? Fission OR Fusion FUSION

More Related