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World History

World History. Unit 3 An Age of Exchange and Encounter: 500 to A.D. 1500. Chapter 10 The Muslim World, 600 - 1250 A.D. Section 1 The Rise of Islam. CHAPTER. 10. 1250. 600. The Muslim World , 600–1250. Time Line. 762 Muslim capital moves to Baghdad.

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World History

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  1. World History Unit 3 An Age of Exchange and Encounter: 500 to A.D. 1500

  2. Chapter 10The Muslim World, 600 - 1250 A.D. Section 1 The Rise of Islam

  3. CHAPTER 10 1250 600 The Muslim World,600–1250 Time Line 762Muslim capital moves to Baghdad. 1000sMuslim scholars, who preserved Greek medical works, share them with Europeans. 800sAl-Khwarizmi writes the first algebra textbook. 1100sMuslim literature flourishes. 632Muhammad returns to Mecca after making the Hijrah to Medina.

  4. The Rise of Islam Objectives • To describe Arabia and its people in the period before the rise of Islam. • To explain how Muhammad became the Prophet and how he began to unify the Arabian Peninsula under Islam. • To identify the basic beliefs and practices of Islam. • Vocabulary:Allah, Muhammad, Islam, Muslim, Hijrah, Qur’an, mosque, hajj, Sunna, shari’a

  5. Arabian Peninsula Geography • mostly desert • agriculture in south; oasis • deserts • Bedouins • clans • 1st Arabian settlements • core of Muslim armies Trade • trade between Byzantine and Sasanid Empires • Mecca • Ka’aba - pilgrimage site • caravan route 4:23

  6. The Rise of Islam Allah • “the god” in Arabic Muhammad • 570 AD in Mecca • married Khadijah • revelations • Islam • “submission to the will of Allah” • Muslim • “one who has submitted” • Hijrah • migration to Yathrib in 622 AD • Medina - “city of the prophet” • umma

  7. The Faith 4:44

  8. Islam Qur’an • Islamic holy book • true word of God in Arabic Five Pillars - Muslim duties 1. Faith - one god: last prophet 2. Prayer - 5 times facing Mecca 3. Alms - charity: religious tax 4. Fasting - Ramadan 5. Pilgrimage - hajj to Mecca

  9. Islam Islam • no priests • ulama - scholar class Muhammad’s Mission • receive the Qur’an from Allah • apply it to life • Sunna • Muhammad’s example for living a proper Muslim life • shari’a • system of Islamic law • regulates all aspects of life • same god as Christians and Jews • ancestry to Abraham 3:29

  10. 1 Section Assessment Islam Events in the Life of Muhammad Beliefs of Islam Sources of Authority The Rise of Islam 1. Write at least three details about each of the following categories: (1) events in the life of Muhammad; (2) beliefs of Islam; and (3) sources of authority. one God, Allah; Five Pillars; rules for personal life; tolerance of Jews and Christians Allah; Qur’an; Sunna divine revelations; Hijrah to Medina; Mecca captured

  11. Chapter 10The Muslim World, 600 - 1250 A.D. Section 2 The Spread of Islam

  12. The Spread of Islam Objectives • To describe how Muhammad’s successors spread Islam. • To list sources of conflict within the Umayyad Muslim state. • To explain how Muslim lands were split among rival groups. • Vocabulary:caliph, Umayyads, Shi’a, Sunni, Sufi, Abbasids, al-Andalus, Fatimid

  13. The Spread of Islam Islamic Succession Caliph • ‘successor’ or ‘deputy’ • 1st four – “rightly guided” • Abu-Bakr • Muhammad’s successor • reigned in renegades • upheld the sunna Caliphate • rule of Muhammad’s successors Military Success • faith of Muslim soldiers • well disciplined; good command • weakness of others • religious intolerance • No forced conversion

  14. Internal Conflict Assassination – 656 AD • 3rd caliph Uthman • civil war • Ali chosen 4th caliph • Assassinated – 661 AD Umayyads – 661 – 750 AD • hereditary succession • capital to Damascus • wealth Split in Islam • Sunni – followers of sunna • Shi’a – party of Ali • Sufi – poverty; devotion to spiritual path

  15. Abbasid Caliphate al-Andalus • Berber rule in southern Spain • Jabal Tariq - Gibralter Abbasids – 750 – 1258 AD • Capital to Baghdad • Elephant Diplomacy • Charlemagne • Fatimid Dynasty • N. Africa independent state • Ties: religion, language, trade • dinar, sakks (checks) • Cosmopolitan • Very large cities • Muslims, Christian, Jews

  16. 2 Section Assessment Period of Rule Rulers Developments in Islam The Spread of Islam 1. For each group of rulers, identify the period of their rule and at least two developments that affected the growth or strength of Islam during that period. Rightly Guided Caliphs 632-661 Spread of Islam east and west, tolerance of Jews and Christians Umayyads 661-750 Split between Sunni and Shi’a, development of Sufi movement Abbasids 750-1258 Shift of capital to Baghdad, growth of Muslim trade network

  17. Chapter 10The Muslim World, 600 - 1250 A.D. Section 3 Muslim Achievement

  18. Muslim Achievement Objectives • To describe Muslim society during the Abbasid caliphate. • To explain how Muslims worked to preserve scientific learning. • To give examples of Muslim advances in the sciences. • Vocabulary:House of Wisdom, calligraphy

  19. Muslim Society Abbasid Caliphate • luxurious cities • Damascus, Cairo, Cordoba • Baghdad • support for sciences • preservation of knowledge Class System • Muslim birth • converts • “protected people” • slaves Women • equal as believers • men as managers

  20. Muslim Scholarship Preservation of Knowledge • Roman decline House of Wisdom • library • academy • translation center • Medicine • Al-Rhazi’s Comprehensive Book • Math • Observation / experimentation • Al-Khwarizmi – algebra (al-jabr) • Optics • Rays from object, not eyes

  21. Islamic Literature Qur’an • standard for all literature • Sufi poetry • “The Thousand and One Nights” • Architecture • greatest cultural blending of the Muslim world • Art • calligraphy • Art of beautiful handwriting

  22. Science and Math Urban Life Muslim Culture Arts and Literature Society Muslim Achievement 3 Section Assessment 1. The key elements of Muslim culture were science and math, urban life, arts and literature, and society. Write three aspects about each of these elements. House of Wisdom; medical advances; growth of math and astronomy Cities like Baghdad and Córdoba; home to learning centers; linked to other cities by trade No pictures of the prophet; calligraphy as an art form; poetry highly valued Four classes; protection of women’s legal rights; tolerance of other religions and customs

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