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BASIC FIRST AID. First Aid?. Is the immediate assistance or treatment given to someone before the arrival of medical staff/ ambulance. Qualities of a first aider:. ~ Calm ~ Confident ~ Willing to offer assistance whenever necessary ~ Patience. Aims of a first aider:. 3 Ps: 3Ps.
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First Aid? Is the immediate assistance or treatment given to someone before the arrival of medical staff/ ambulance
Qualities of a first aider: ~ Calm ~ Confident ~ Willing to offer assistance whenever necessary ~ Patience
Aims of a first aider: 3 Ps: 3Ps Preserve life Prevent injuries/condition from worsening Promote recovery
Preserving life: • Control bleeding • Treat probable cause of shock • Maintain airway in correct position • Perform CPR when needed (no breathing or pulse)
Prevent condition from worsening: • Dress wound to prevent infection • Provide comfort to casualty • Place casualty in a comfortable position
Promote recovery: • Relieve casualty from anxiety • Encourage confidence and trust • Attempt to relieve pain and discomfort • Handle casualty gently • Protect casualty from cold and wet
Emergency Hotlines Ambulance (SCDF): 995 1777 ( Non-emergency) Police number: 999 Fire Brigade: 995
4 levels of consciousness: • Normal status • Drowsiness • Semi – consciousness • Coma
Protecting yourself as a first aider Essential to protect yourself from injury and infection • Ensure surroundings are safe • Protection from infection - to prevent “cross infection” ( transmitting germs to a casualty or contracting an infection yourself) - wear gloves or wash hands before doing a dressing.
Practice of first aid: • Assess the situation • Make area safe • Give emergency aid - initial assessment – Signs and symptoms - ABC 4) Get help from others if needed
Initial Assessment what? • Brief examination of casualty to perform checks before concluding How? - Observe signs and symptoms
Signs and symptoms Signs: Details of a casualty’s condition you may assess using your senses. Look, listen, feel, smell E.G Bleeding, Deformity, Strength or rhythm of pulse, breathing Symptoms: sensations that the casualty experiences E.G Is there pain? What type of pain? Nausea, giddiness, coldness
ABC A = Airway • Open airway why? B = Breathing • Check for breathing How?
Circulation • Check for pulse Pulse indicates the condition of the Circulation • Full and slow • Rapid and fluttering / weak How to check for pulse? • Carotid pulse • Wrist pulse