The American Nation

1. The American Nation Chapter 10: The Age of Jefferson 1801–1816 Section 1: A Republican Takes Office Section 2: The Louisiana Purchase Section 3: New Threats from Overseas Section 4: The Road to War Section 5: The War of 1812

2. The Louisiana Purchase Chapter 10, Section 2 • Why was control of the Mississippi River important to the United States?

3. Control of the Mississippi River Chapter 10, Section 2 • Farmers west of the Appalachians shipped their crops on the Mississippi to New Orleans. From there, ships carried the produce to Atlantic ports. • Spain controlled New Orleans. Sometimes they threatened to close the port. In the Pinckney Treaty of 1795, Spain agreed to let Americans ship their goods down the Mississippi to New Orleans.

4. Chapter 10, Section 2 • In 1800 Spain gave Louisiana back to France. Napoleon wanted to grow food in Louisiana. • Events in Haiti, a French colony in the Caribbean, ruined his plans. Enslaved Africans in Haiti revolted and declared their independence. • To gain control of Louisiana, Jefferson decided to buy Louisiana.

5. The Louisiana Purchase Chapter 10, Section 2 • How did the United States purchase Louisiana?

6. The United States Buys Louisiana Chapter 10, Section 2 • Jefferson sent Robert Livingston and James Monroe to buy New Orleans and West Florida from Napoleon. • Livingston and Monroe met with the French foreign minister. After some time, he asked them if they would like to buy all of Louisiana.

7. Chapter 10, Section 2 • Surprised, Livingston at first offered $4 million. Eventually, he and Monroe agreed to $15 million. • No one was sure the purchase was constitutional. In the end, Jefferson decided that he did have the authority to buy Louisiana. The Senate approved the treaty, and the Louisiana Purchase went into effect.

8. The Louisiana Purchase Chapter 10, Section 2 • What were the results of the explorations of Lewis and Clark and of Zebulon Pike?

9. The Expedition of Lewis and Clark Chapter 10, Section 2 Purposeof the expedition, or long journey of exploration • to map a route across the Louisiana Purchase to the Pacific Ocean • to study the territory’s geography—land, climate, plants, and animals • to learn about the Indian nations who lived there

10. Chapter 10, Section 2 The journey • Lewis and Clark left from St. Louis and crossed the plains by way of the Missouri River. Sacagawea, a Shoshone woman, and her husband agreed to accompany the party as translators. • The Shoshones showed Lewis and Clark the best route over the Rockies. Lewis and Clark crossed theContinental Divide, the high mountain ridge that separates river systems flowing toward opposite sides of the continent. • The party built canoes and floated down the Columbia River to the Pacific Ocean. • The return trip back to St. Louis took another year.

11. The Expedition of Zebulon Pike Chapter 10, Section 2 Purpose of the journey was • to explore the upper Mississippi River, the Arkansas River, and parts of present-day Colorado and New Mexico. The journey • From Colorado and New Mexico, Pike entered Spanish territory. Spanish troops arrested Pike and his men and took them into Mexico. • The party was later escorted through Texas back to the United States.

12. The Expeditions of Lewis and Clark and Zebulon Pike Chapter 10, Section 2

13. Section 2 Assessment Chapter 10, Section 2 Why was control of the Mississippi River important to Americans in the early 1800s? a) Farmers west of the Appalachian Mountains used the Mississippi to get their goods to market. b) The Mississippi River was the first step in the journey of Lewis and Clark. c) Toussaint L’Ouverture could attack the French in Haiti from the port of New Orleans. d) Jefferson was interested in the Native Americans who lived along the river. One purpose of the Lewis and Clark expedition was to a) prove that the Louisiana Purchase was constitutional. b) find a route into Spanish territory. c) bring back information about the territory’s geography. d) lead settlers into the western lands.

14. Section 2 Assessment Chapter 10, Section 2 Why was control of the Mississippi River important to Americans in the early 1800s? a) Farmers west of the Appalachian Mountains used the Mississippi to get their goods to market. b) The Mississippi River was the first step in the journey of Lewis and Clark. c) Toussaint L’Ouverture could attack the French in Haiti from the port of New Orleans. d) Jefferson was interested in the Native Americans who lived along the river. One purpose of the Lewis and Clark expedition was to a) prove that the Louisiana Purchase was constitutional. b) find a route into Spanish territory. c) bring back information about the territory’s geography. d) lead settlers into the western lands.