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Chapter 1 Introduction to Chemistry

Chapter 1 Introduction to Chemistry. Anything in black letters = write it in your notes (‘knowts’). 1.1 – The Scope of Chemistry. Matter -. Anything that has mass and takes up space. Have any examples of matter?. Is anything NOT matter?. Which of these things is not considered matter?.

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Chapter 1 Introduction to Chemistry

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  1. Chapter 1 Introduction to Chemistry Anything in black letters = write it in your notes (‘knowts’)

  2. 1.1 – The Scope of Chemistry Matter - Anything that has mass and takes up space. Have any examples of matter? Is anything NOT matter? Which of these things is not considered matter? Cell Phone Gravity Rainbow Fire Happiness Light Bulb Air Sound Empty Pop Bottle

  3. With your lab partner, write down how you could prove to someone that air has mass.

  4. Chemistry - Study of the properties and changes of matter. 5 general types of chemistry…

  5. Organic - study of carbon compounds Inorganic - study of non-carbon compounds Biochemistry - study of chemistry in living organisms Analytical - study of identifying matter Physical - study of energy in chemical reactions

  6. Pure Chemistry - Research without a specific application in mind; “just want to know” Determining the chemical structure of silk.

  7. Applied Chemistry- Research directed toward a practical goal or application. Developing a synthetic chemical with silk-like properties..

  8. 1.2 – Chemistry and You Why Study Chemistry? • Explain the natural world • Prepare for a career • Be an informed citizen

  9. Technology - The knowledge and skills available to a society. Science - Method of finding out about the world, based on experiment.

  10. 1.3 – Thinking Like a Scientist Alchemy - Non-science based inquiry into matter Goal: convert cheap metals into gold or find ‘elixir of life’ Did not attempt to explain their findings.

  11. Antoine Lavoisier (late 1700’s) Disproved the Phlogiston Theory and explained that combustion requires oxygen Realized the importance of careful mass measurements in Chemistry

  12. flow-JISS-tunn Phlogiston Theory – no longer valid! Some materials burn because they contain phlogiston. Phlogiston is released into the air when material burns. When air is full of phlogiston (it is “phlogisticated”) and can no longer support combustion (flame goes out). Major flaw…some materials weigh more after they are burnt. Wood  Ashes + Phlogiston; ashes weigh less…okay… But…Iron  Rust + Phlogiston; rust weighed more than the iron Long story short…Lavoisier didn’t like the inconsistencies of the phlogiston theory and came up with a better explanation (theory) of combustion and that is how science is supposed to work.

  13. Hypothesis A hypothesis may be revised based on experimental data. Observations Theory A theory is tested by more experiments and modified if necessary. Experiments An experiment can lead to observations that support or disprove a hypothesis. Scientific Law A scientific law summarizes the results of many observations and experiments. The Scientific Method

  14. Hypothesis - A proposed explanation for an observation; must be testable Experiment - Procedure used to test a hypothesis

  15. Variables - Factors that can change in an experiment Independent Variable - Variable changed on purpose; manipulated Dependent Variable - Variable that is observed; responding

  16. Model - Represents an object or event; all models have some flaws. This is a model of an atom…atoms are not really like this…but it helps explain and visualize. What are some things wrong with the model of the solar system?

  17. Theory - Well-tested explanation; can’t be proven right, could be proven wrong. What are some theories you’ve heard of? Atomic Theory Cell Theory Big Bang Theory Quantum Theory Theory of Evolution Theory of Plate Tectonics Supply & Demand Theory Global Warming

  18. “Oh… that’s just a theory.” A theory is not just a hunch…theories are the best working explanations that we have. Theories are not guesses, they make testable predictions that confirm their reality.

  19. Law - Fundamental rule that can’t be broken. What are some scientific laws you’ve heard of? Laws of Motion Laws of Thermodynamics Law of Gravity Gas Laws (Boyle’s & Charles’s etc)

  20. ASSIGNMENT: Chapter 1 Worksheet #1

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