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Understanding the Scientific Method in Chemistry

Explore the fundamental steps of the scientific method in chemistry, from qualitative and quantitative data to hypothesis formulation and experimentation. Learn about variables, controls, and drawing conclusions to support theories and laws.

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Understanding the Scientific Method in Chemistry

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  1. Chapter 1:Introduction to Chemistry Section 1.3: Scientific Methods

  2. The Scientific Method • Systematic study • Method of verification • Common among all scientists

  3. Steps of the Scientific Method

  4. Qualitative Data The five senses Quantitative Data Numerical information Observations

  5. Qualitative or Quantitative? • The substance is yellow • The unknown has a boiling point of 123 degrees Celsius • Sulfur has a pungent odor • Sodium Nitrate has a density of 2.26 g/cm3

  6. Hypothesis • Remember the Tale of Two Chemicals? • Testable statement or predication • Based on observations • Tentative explanation of events

  7. Experiments • Set of controlled observations that test the hypothesis • Must be carefully planned and conducted • Test one variable at a time

  8. Variable • Quantity or condition that can have more than one value • Examples?

  9. Independent Variable The one you plan to change Should be the only thing affecting the dependent variable Dependent Variable The one you did not change Changes in response to independent variable Two Variables

  10. Control • Valuable to experiment • Standard for comparison • Helps you better understand the behavior of independent and dependent variables

  11. Conclusion • 1st: Analyze the data gathered during the experiment. • 2nd: Apply analysis to your hypothesis • 3rd: Make a judgment based on the information

  12. Hypothesis: Never proven, only supported by an experiment • Theory: Must be supported by many, many experiments • Scientific Law: a relationship in nature that has been proven by many scientists many times without exceptions

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