Chapter 1 Introduction to Chemistry

1. Chapter 1Introduction to Chemistry Milbank High School

2. Section 1.1Chemistry • OBJECTIVES: • Define chemistry and differentiate among its traditional divisions.

3. Section 1.1Chemistry • OBJECTIVES: • List several reasons to study chemistry.

4. What is Chemistry? • The study of “matter”, its composition, properties, and the changes it undergoes. Everyday life? • Applied Chemistry- is using chemistry to attain certain goals, in fields like medicine, agriculture, and manufacturing • Pure chemistry- gathers knowledge for the sake of knowledge

5. 5 Major Areas of Chemistry • Analytical Chemistry- concerned with the composition of substances. • Inorganic Chemistry- primarily deals with substances without carbon • Organic Chemistry- essentially all substances containing carbon • Biochemistry- Chemistry of living things • Physical Chemistry- describes the behavior of chemicals (ex. stretching)

6. Chemistry is • central to modern science, and to almost all human endeavors. • important to all sciences - biology, geology, physics, engineers, etc. • a natural science. • a language with its own vocabulary. • a way of thinking.

7. Why Study Chemistry? • everyone and everything around us involves chemistry • What in the world isn’t Chemistry? • helps you make choices • possible career for your future • used to attain a specific goal • Do you remember “pure” and “applied” chemistry?

8. Section 1.2Chemistry Far and Wide • OBJECTIVES: • Summarize ways in which chemistry affects your daily life.

9. Section 1.2Chemistry Far and Wide • OBJECTIVES: • Describe the impact of chemistry on various fields of science.

10. Chemistry Far and Wide • Materials- perfume, steel, ceramics, plastics, rubber, paints, nonstick cooking utensils, polyester fibers • Energy- greater demands • conserve it, or produce more • fossil fuels, solar, batteries, nuclear (don’t forget pollution!)

11. Chemistry Far and Wide • Medicine and Biotechnology- • vitamin C, penicillin, aspirin • materials for artery transplants and hipbones • Human Genome Project • bacteria producing insulin • cloning

12. Chemistry Far and Wide • Agriculture- world’s food supply • plant growth hormones • ways to protect crops • disease resistant plants • The Environment- both risks and benefits involved in discoveries • carbon dioxide, ozone, warming

13. Chemistry Far and Wide • Astronomy and Space Exploration- • composition of the planets • analyze moon rocks • planet atmospheres • life on other planets?

14. Section 1.3Thinking Like a Scientist • OBJECTIVES: • Describe the steps involved in the scientific method.

15. Section 1.3Thinking Like a Scientist • OBJECTIVES: • Distinguish between a theory and a scientific law.

16. The Scientific Method • A logical approach to solving problems or answering questions. • Starts with observation- noting and recording facts • hypothesis- an educated guess as to the cause of the problem, or a proposed explanation

17. Scientific Method • “controlled” experiment- designed to test the hypothesis • only two possible answers • hypothesis is right • hypothesis is wrong • Generates data observations from experiments. • Modify hypothesis - repeat the cycle

18. Cycle repeats many times. • The hypothesis gets more and more certain. • Becomes a theory • A thoroughly tested model that explains why things behave a certain way. Observations Hypothesis Experiment

19. Theory can never be proven- due to new information • Useful because they predict behavior • Help us form mental pictures of processes (models) Observations Hypothesis Experiment

20. Another outcome is that certain behavior is repeated many times • Scientific Law is developed (math?) • Describes how things behave • Law- tells how • Theory- tells why Observations Hypothesis Experiment

21. Theory (Model) Modify Prediction Experiment Law Observations Hypothesis Experiment

22. Section 1.4How to Study Chemistry • OBJECTIVES: • Explain why learning chemistry requires daily effort.

23. Section 1.4How to Study Chemistry • OBJECTIVES: • Describe the importance of writing in the study of chemistry.

24. How to Study Chemistry • Understanding and Applying Concepts • requires effort on your part • read materials carefully • take thorough notes you can use • study often and effectively • quiet, well-lit, remove distractions

25. How to Study Chemistry • Understanding and Applying Concepts • chemistry has a language of it’s own, so learn the vocabulary • look around you, and make the connection to the level of atoms and molecules

26. How to Study Chemistry • Using Your Textbook • name chemical compounds • write chemical formulas • interpret graphs • techniques to solve problems • Use your Teacher and Textbook!

27. How to Study Chemistry • Using Your Textbook • take good notes • solve Practice Problems • read, keeping objectives in mind • Student Study Guide (p. 24) • section summaries; Key Terms

28. How to Study Chemistry • On Your Own • go beyond the textbook • make flashcards • reread and rewrite notes • quiz yourself and classmates • form a study group • ASK, ASK, and ASK

29. How to Study Chemistry • Tests and Quizzes • cramming never a good idea • set aside a certain amount of time every day • get enough rest daily; nutrition • read tests carefully / thoroughly • do easy problems first • show work, and evaluate answer