In your notebook – answer the following?

1. In your notebook – answer the following? • What types of pollutants are in our oceans? • Where do they come from? (hint: think about what we have learned about non-point pollution)

2. Everything flows downstream… • Pollutants from land activities end up in rivers and streams • Rivers flow into the ocean • Includes: • Pesticides, Fertilizers, Animal Waste, Litter and Plastics, Oils, Sediments, Salt

3. 85% of Ocean Pollution comes from Land-based activities

4. “Syringe Tide” • Summer 1988 – Medical Waste and syringes washed up on the beaches of Long Island and New Jersey • Debris was traced to NYC sewage system and Fresh Kills Landfill • Concern over syringes washing up on beaches was heighted because this was shortly after the AIDS crisis had come into the public eye

5. What was once dumped into the ocean…. 1970 Report from the Council on Environmental Quality on Ocean Dumping • 38 million tons of dredged material (34% polluted) • 4.5 million tons of industrial wastes • 4.5 million tons of sewage sludge (significantly contaminated with heavy metals) • 0.5 million tons of construction and demolition debris.

6. More Stuff that was dumped… • In 1968, the National Academy of Sciences estimated from both dumping and disposal (through a pipe) • 100 million tons of petroleum products (fossil fuels) • 2-4 million tons of acid chemical wastes from pulp mills • More than one million tons of heavy metals in industrial wastes • More than 100,000 tons of organic chemical wastes

7. And More… • EPA records indicate that between 1946 and 1970 • More than 55,000 containers of radioactive wastes were ocean dumped in the Pacific Ocean. • Almost 34,000 containers of radioactive wastes were ocean dumped off the East Coast of the United States from 1951 to 1962.

8. The Solution – 1972 Marine Protection Research and Sanctuaries Act (MPRSA) • MPRSA (also known as the Ocean Dumping Act) prohibits the dumping of material into the ocean that would unreasonably degrade or endanger human health or the marine environment.

9. Ocean Garbage Patch • Plastics from trash dumped into the ocean and washed off land gather in specific places in the ocean due to ocean currents

11. Marine Life Consume the Bits and Pieces • Pictured to the left are the stomach contents of a juvenile sea turtle accidentally captured off the coast of Argentina.

12. Ocean Pollution Oil Spills • Sources: offshore wells, tankers, pipelines, and storage tanks. • Effects: death of organisms, significant economic impact. • Every year, 37 million gallons of oil is spilled due to tanker accidents. • Responsible for 5% of oil pollution in the oceans

13. North America oil spill accidents

14. Exon Valdez Oil Spill 1989 • South cost of Alaska (Prince William Sound)

18. BP Oil Spill • More than 200 million gallons of crude oil was pumped into the Gulf of Mexico for a total of 87 days, making it the biggest oil spill in U.S. history. • Over 8,000 animals (birds, turtles, mammals) were reported dead just 6 months after the spill.

19. BP Oil Spill

20. BP Oil Spill

21. BP Oil Spill

22. BP Oil Spill

23. BP Oil Spill • A solution was found after 87 days of continuous oil spill

24. Cleanup methods A) Mechanical cleanup methods: -skimmers, blotters and bladders.

26. Cleanup Methods • Booms- absorb and traps oil in a given location

27. Cleanup Methods

28. Cleanup Methods B) Chemical cleanup methods: - coagulants and dispersing agents. Chemicals dispersed to break up the oil slick.

30. BP Oil Spill • Video Clip • BP Oil Spill Effect on Wildlife http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Uax5FRWnvs

31. Oil Spill Lab Activity • Method 1: Skimmer • Pour about 1 inch of water into the pie pan. • Dip your feather in the clean water and observe it’s physical appearance. • Use the pipette to add 1 full pipette of oil into the pie pan. • Dip your feather into the oil container and observe it's physical appearance. • Use a plastic spoon to scoop the oil and place it into the liquid waste container.

32. Oil Spill Lab Activity • Method 2: Booms and Absorbents 1. Use the pipette to add 1 full pipette of oil into the pie pan. • Use cotton balls to absorb the oil spill. • Dispose the cotton balls into the solid waste container. • Use absorbent pads to absorb the rest of the oil spill. • Dispose the absorbent pads into the solid waste container.

33. Oil Spill Lab Activity • Method 3: Chemical Dispersant • Use the pipette to add 1 full pipette of oil into the pie pan. • Spray the detergent (10-12 times) on the oil spill in the pie pan. • Stir the content in the pie pan with spoon. • Wait 1 minute and observe what happens to the oil blobs.

34. Clean Up • Clean up your lab table !!! -Use spoons to skim remaining oil in pan - Carefully pour water into liquid waste container -empty the liquid waste container into the 5 gallon waste container. -empty the solid waste container into the regular garbage can. -Wash and Dry: spoons, pan, and liquid/solid waste containers