The Future Air Traffic Control System

1. The Future Air Traffic Control System “The Wright Brothers created the single greatest cultural force since the invention of writing. The airplane became the first World Wide Web, bringing people, languages, ideas and values together.” - Bill Gates Presented by: Geoffrey Bailey Kors van den Boogaard Don Willis Eurocontrol International Air Transport Association U.S. Federal Aviation Administration

2. Overview • The importance of civil aviation to the global community • Aeronautical radio spectrum – in general • The global players • Future aviation technologies • The way ahead -2-

3. Civil Aviation Importance • Total direct impact of air transport on gross world output amounts to at least US$1,360B • Air transport itself provides 28 Million jobs worldwide • Health and welfare…brings people together…makes our world smaller • International commerce…business travel…transport of goods • Stringent technical requirements for aeronautical safety systems stretch technological capabilities -3-

4. Aeronautical Radio Spectrum • General goals for aeronautical radio spectrum supporting international safety services: • Allocated exclusively for aviation • Allocated globally • Aeronautical radio spectrum required to: • Navigate through the airspace • Monitor aircraft movements • Communications; to provide safe separation and avoid collisions • Why these requirements? • Need for high levels of integrity • Need for high levels of availability -4-

5. The Global Players “…the future development of international civil aviation can greatly help to create and preserve friendship and understanding among the nations and peoples of the world, yet its abuse can become a threat to the general security…” Preamble to the Convention on International Civil Aviation, 1944 • International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO): Plays the key role in developing international standardization to implement a truly global air traffic system; 188 Contracting States • International Air Transport Association (IATA): Brings together approximately 270 airlines, including the world’s largest. Flights by these airlines comprise more than 98% of all international scheduled air traffic • Eurocontrol, ASECNA, COCESNA, and the civil aviation authorities: Provide air traffic control services to ensure safe and efficient air travel • International Telecommunication Union: key agency in providing the global spectrum allocations needed for global air traffic control system; ICAO, IATA, Eurocontrol, and other aviation bodies are observers to ITU and provide inputs on aviation matters -5-

6. Future Aviation Technologies • Civil aviation need to support traffic growth for increased levels of safety, security and efficiency drives future aviation requirements • Communications: primary issue is shortage of bandwidth to support all air traffic control communications requirements • Navigation: increased traffic requires increased navigation accuracy • Surveillance: goal is to provide the pilot and controller with more tools for better situational awareness and improve safe separation in remote airspace -6-

7. INTEGRATED SYSTEMS System Trends RADIOCOMMUNICATIONS NEW DEFINITION(S) ? COMMUNICATIONS RADIONAVIGATION NAVIGATION RADIOLOCATION SURVEILLANCE -7-

8. System Trends…Examples… COMMUNICATIONS AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT SURVEILLANCE NAVIGATION GNSS ENHANCEMENT SITUATION AWARENESS SURVEILLANCE APPLICATIONS SIGNAL IN SPACE -8-

9. Spectrum Congestion CONGESTED RADIO SPECTRUM (e.g., VHF COMMS) DEPENDENT UPON INCREASED CNS DEMANDS AIR TRAFFIC CAPACITY GROWTH -9-

10. Spectrum Congestion…Possible Solutions… • Need to be able to move applications to new radio spectrum • Adoption of advanced technology • New definition(s) for use of aeronautical radio spectrum by global aviation -10-

11. Communications Future Technologies • Currently there are three AM(R)S standards to support unique requirements around the world: • Double-sideband, amplitude modulated voice (25 kHz channelization): used around the world except in parts of core Europe • Double-sideband, amplitude modulated voice (8.33 kHz channelization): used in parts of core Europe due to severe radio spectrum congestion • Digital modulation: global standards exist, however, the system has limited implementation • International civil aviation is currently studying its future needs for AM(R)S spectrum to support air traffic control communications • WRC-2007 Agenda Item 1.6 • One of the critical needs: enhanced aviation security -11-

12. Navigation Future Technologies • International civil aviation vision is for a space-based global navigation system, the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) • Lessens the need for ground infrastructure • Provides true global capabilities • Several complementary systems make up the GNSS: • GLONASS provided by Russian Federation • GPS provided by U.S. • Future Galileo provided by Europe • Radio spectrum to support a modernized GNSS was allocated at WRC-2003 -12-

13. Surveillance Future Technologies • Goal is to provide more autonomy to the pilot: • Allow self-separation in certain airspace • Provide air-to-air surveillance in uncontrolled and remote airspace • Enhance situational awareness • ICAO has standardized: • Mode S extended squitter (1090 MHz) • VDL-4 (spectrum allocated at WRC- 2003) • An additional system, UAT, is currently being standardized by ICAO and spectrum to accommodate complete functionality will be identified at WRC-2007 -13-

14. The Way Ahead and Issues • Administrations support ICAO position as possible in their Positions and with Proposals to WRC-2007 • There are many WRC-2007 agenda items of importance to international civil aviation; in particular, Agenda Item 1.6 • In future years, work within ITU to develop international radio regulations and allocations that support the future needs of international civil aviation -14-