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Understanding Cultural Statistics: Presentation to Art & Culture Committee

This presentation outlines the definition of culture based on UNESCO's framework for cultural statistics, emphasizing the economic and social dimensions along with cultural employment. It addresses the challenges in defining and measuring culture for statistical purposes and highlights the cultural domains identified by UNESCO. The importance of including creative industries in cultural statistics is discussed, emphasizing the need for a robust framework to cover the entire culture cycle. Various methods for measuring the economic dimension of culture, including data collection from surveys and international classifications, are explored.

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Understanding Cultural Statistics: Presentation to Art & Culture Committee

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  1. Creative industry/Arts and culture Statistics Presentation to Portfolio committee of Art & Culture PaliLehohla Statistician General THESOUTH AFRICAIKNOW,THE HOMEIUNDERSTAND

  2. Outline Definition of culture UNESCO Framework for cultural statistics Measuring the economic dimension Measuring the economic dimension Measuring cultural employment Measuring the social dimension Conclusion and way forward THESOUTH AFRICAIKNOW,THE HOMEIUNDERSTAND

  3. Definition of culture • UNESCO defines culture as the set of distinctive; • Spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features of society or a social group, that encompasses, not only art and literature, but lifestyles, ways of living together, value systems, traditions and beliefs (UNESCO, 2001). • It is not always possible to measure such beliefs and values directly. • However, it is possible to measure associated behaviours and practices THESOUTH AFRICAIKNOW,THE HOMEIUNDERSTAND

  4. UNESCO Framework for Cultural Statistics The Framework for Cultural Statistics defines culture through the identification and measurement of the behaviours and practices resulting from the beliefs and values of a society or a social group THESOUTH AFRICAIKNOW,THE HOMEIUNDERSTAND

  5. UNESCO Framework for Cultural Statistics (FCS)-2009 The Cultural Domains defined in FCS represent a common set of Economic (such as the production of goods and services) Social (such as participation in culture activities) activities that traditionally have been regarded as being “cultural”. In addition, Related Domains consist of other economic and social activities that may be considered “partially cultural” or that are more often regarded as being “recreational or leisure” rather than “purely cultural”. THESOUTH AFRICAIKNOW,THE HOMEIUNDERSTAND

  6. Defining culture for statistical purposes In order for the FCS to arrive at a definition of culture for statisticalpurposes, two main aspects wereconsidered Concept of the “Cultural DomainThis maybeginwith a number of industries (commonlytermedcollectively as cultural industries)Secondly a domaincanalsoinclude all cultural activityunder the appropriateheading, includinginformal and social activities For example, cinemastatisticscanincludeattendance at commercial cinemas and commercial film production, but theycanalsoinclude home movie production and viewing THESOUTH AFRICAIKNOW,THE HOMEIUNDERSTAND

  7. FCS Cultural domains A) Cultural and Natural Heritage; B) Performance and Celebration; C) Visual Arts and Crafts; D) Books and Press; E) Audio-visual and Interactive Media; and F) Design and Creative ServicesIntangible Cultural Heritage (transversal domain) THESOUTH AFRICAIKNOW,THE HOMEIUNDERSTAND

  8. Defining culture for statistical purposes Creative-Cultural debate: The definition and measurement of creativity is in itself subject to much debate. Creative industries usually cover a broader scope than traditional artistic domains with the inclusion, for example, of all ICT industries or research and development. The framework addresses this issue by allowing the inclusion of some specific creative industries (design and advertising) as a separate domain. THESOUTH AFRICAIKNOW,THE HOMEIUNDERSTAND

  9. Defining culture for statistical purposes The challenge for a robust and sustainable cultural statistical framework is to cover the contributory processes that enable culture to be created, distributed, received, used, critiqued, understood and preserved. Activities in the entire culture cycle should be measured THESOUTH AFRICAIKNOW,THE HOMEIUNDERSTAND

  10. Culture cycle THESOUTH AFRICAIKNOW,THE HOMEIUNDERSTAND

  11. Culture statistics: Measuring the economic dimension Administrative data and sample surveys (can be used to produce cultural data that can help to measure the contribution of culture to the national economy in terms of; GDP Trends in both cultural employment and cultural consumption However, this has not been done yet in Stats SA but consultations started last year (NSSD, DTI, and Arts and Culture) THESOUTH AFRICAIKNOW,THE HOMEIUNDERSTAND

  12. Culture statistics: Measuring the economic dimension Data are typically collected from business and enterprise surveys, household expenditure surveys, business registers, earnings surveys, labour force surveys; and censuses. While these data collection instruments may not have been designed specifically for the collection of cultural information, they nonetheless can allow for an analysis of selected cultural and related activities. THESOUTH AFRICAIKNOW,THE HOMEIUNDERSTAND

  13. Culture statistics: Measuring the economic dimension The following international classifications can be used to measure different aspects of culture i) International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC 4) – for the identification of cultural productive activities or industries ii) Central Product Classification (CPC 2) – for the identification of cultural goods and servicesiii) Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System 2007 (HS 2007) and the Extended Balance of Payments (EBOPS) – for the identification of international trade of cultural goods and services; iv) International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO 08) – for the identification of cultural occupations THESOUTH AFRICAIKNOW,THE HOMEIUNDERSTAND

  14. Culture statistics: Measuring the economic dimension Another widely used economic model is the System of National Accounts (SNA). SNA is compatible with ISIC and CPC and in addition, it uses the following classifications Classifications of Expenditure According to Purpose Classifications of the Functions of the Government (COFOG) Classification of Individual Consumption by Purpose (COICOP) the Classification of the Purposes of Non-profit Institutions Serving Households (COPNI). However, it should be noted that evaluating culture only with the codes or SNA data would result in an underestimation of the contribution of culture in the economy. This is one of the reasons why several countries such as Chile and Colombia, have started to develop Cultural Satellite Accounts. THESOUTH AFRICAIKNOW,THE HOMEIUNDERSTAND

  15. Measuring cultural employment using SIC and SASCO In order to define cultural employment, it is necessary to include both the occupations in cultural industries and the cultural occupations in non-cultural industries, such as design activities THESOUTH AFRICAIKNOW,THE HOMEIUNDERSTAND

  16. Cultural employment The green cells constitutes the cultural employment which is 731 000 It should be noted that StatsSA has not implemented ISIC rev4 so these figures do not include some activities which cannot be isolated from the current coding classification THESOUTH AFRICAIKNOW,THE HOMEIUNDERSTAND

  17. Culture statistics: Measuring the Social dimension The social aspect of culture cannot always be measured very easily. Cultural participation However, a few commonly accepted statistical standards do exist that can be used to measure the social dimension of culture Household and time use surveys are a main source of data on cultural participation Cultural participation includes cultural practices that may involve consumption as well as activities that are undertaken within the community, reflecting quality of life, traditions and beliefs. THESOUTH AFRICAIKNOW,THE HOMEIUNDERSTAND

  18. Culture statistics: Measuring the Social dimension a time use perspective THESOUTH AFRICAIKNOW,THE HOMEIUNDERSTAND

  19. Culture statistics: Measuring the Social dimension THESOUTH AFRICAIKNOW,THE HOMEIUNDERSTAND

  20. Culture statistics: Measuring the Social dimension THESOUTH AFRICAIKNOW,THE HOMEIUNDERSTAND

  21. Impact of creative industries/arts and culture in economic growth and job creation The South Africa I know, the home I understand

  22. Economic data

  23. Contribution of industries to South Africa’s economy Based on Standard Industrial Classification 7 Transport 10% 8 Finance 21% 6 Trade 15% 2 Mining 8% 5 Construction 4% 9 Government 17% 3 Manufacturing 13% 9 Personal 6% 4 Electricity 4% 1 Agriculture 3%

  24. Breakdown of personal services industry Based on Standard Industrial Classification 92 Education 93 Health & social work 94 Other personal services 95 Activities of membership organisations 96 Recreational; cultural and sporting activities 9 Personal 6% R8,0 billion 0,25% contribution to the economy (2013)

  25. Contribution of recreational; cultural and sporting activities over time

  26. Employment data

  27. The QLFS is the principal vehicle for collecting current labour market information

  28. Quarterly Labour Force Survey is a quarterly continuous household survey It measures the three components of the labour market Employed Unemployed Not economically active • It also measures related aspects of the labour market • Industry • Occupation • Sector • Hours of work • Discouraged work-seekers and reasons for such etc

  29. Quarterly Labour Force Survey Data collection Representative sample of 32 000 dwelling units across the country was visited Detailed information collected from over 60 000 adults of working age (15–64 years) Face-to-face interviews conducted for each household visited

  30. Breakdown of Community, social and personal services industry Based on Standard Industrial Classification 91 Public administration 92 Education 93 Health & social work 94 Other personal services 95 Activities of membership organisations 96 Recreational; cultural and sporting activities Community ,social and personal services industry (Services) 158 000 employed (2014) 4,3% contribution to the services employment 1,0%contribution to total employment

  31. Recreational, cultural and sporting activities Contribution of recreational, cultural and sporting activities to employment Contribution to services was at 5,7% during 2008 and has remained virtually unchanged at around 4,3% since 2009. Contribution to total employment decreased from 1,1% in 2008 to 1,0% in 2009 and has remained constant at this level. The South Africa I know, the home I understand

  32. Employed in the recreational, cultural and sporting activities Breakdown of services by sub-industries

  33. Employed in the recreational, cultural and sporting activities More people were employed in sport and other recreational activities over the period 2008-2014, although this decreased from 54,7% in 2008 to 41,5% in 2014.

  34. Employed in the recreational, cultural and sporting activities by sex, Q2:2015 A larger proportion of men than women were employed in radio/TV. Most women were employed in sports and other recreational activities

  35. Employed in the recreational, cultural and sporting activities by age, Q2:2015 A larger proportion of adults compared to youth were employed in news agencies. A larger proportion of youth were employed in sports activities

  36. Employed in the recreational, cultural and sporting activities by population group, Q2:2015 Blacks Africans, coloured and whites are mostly employed in sports activities while Indians are mostly employed in radio/TV. A greater proportion of whites employed in news agencies than any other population group

  37. Employed in the recreational, cultural and sporting activities by education level, Q2:2015 A greater proportion (61,4%) of persons with education level below matric were employed in sports activities. More than half of those with tertiary education were employed in radio/TV.

  38. Employed in the recreational, cultural and sporting activities by province, Q2:2015 A larger proportion of employment in most provinces was in sport activities, while the lowest was in news agencies. Employment in library/archives was prominent in most provinces.

  39. Percentage of the employed in the recreational, cultural and sporting activities by skill level, Q2:2015 Skilled people are mostly employed in radio/TV and news agencies. While semi-skilled and low skilled are mostly employed in sport activities. People employed in news agencies are mostly skilled.

  40. Highlights • Contribution to GDP • Contribution to GDP was 0,25% to the economy (i.e. R8 billion in 2013) • Contribution to employment • Contribution to total employment decreased from 1,1% in 2008 to 1,0% in 2009 and has remained constant at this level. • Contribution to services was at 5,7% during 2008 and has remained virtually unchanged at around 4,3% since 2009. • Who is more likely to be employed: • Men are more likely to be employed in radio/TV, while women are more likely to be employed in sports and other recreational activities. • Adults (35-64 yrs) are more likely to be employed in library/archives and news agencies. 0,25% 1,0% 4,3% The South Africa I know, the home I understand

  41. Highlights • Who is more likely to be employed: • Blacks Africans, coloured and whites are mostly employed in sporting activities while Indians are mostly employed radio/TV. Whites are more likely to be employed in news agencies than any other population group. • A greater proportion (61,4%) of persons with education level below matric were employed in sports activities. More than half of those with tertiary education were employed in radio/TV. • Large proportions of persons employed in sport activities in most provinces. GP (41,0%) employs more people in radio/TV than any other province. The South Africa I know, the home I understand

  42. Conclusion and way forward Statistics South Africa has not yet developed an integrated framework for cultural statistics production Statistics South Africa should domesticate the UNESCO framework for cultural statistics in consultations with relevant stakeholdersConsultations had started with DTI and Arts and culture THESOUTH AFRICAIKNOW,THE HOMEIUNDERSTAND

  43. ThankYou THESOUTH AFRICAIKNOW,THE HOMEIUNDERSTAND

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