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Petrochemicals

Petrochemicals. Presentation by FOZIA ALI BANAWAZ Chemistry Dept.DCW VIII. Contents:. Natural Resources of Organic compounds 1.Coal, 2.Natural gas, 3.Petroleum Reserviors of fossil fuels Petrochemical Industry. PETRO-CHEMICALS.

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Petrochemicals

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  1. Petrochemicals Presentation by FOZIA ALI BANAWAZ Chemistry Dept.DCW VIII

  2. Contents: Natural Resources of Organic compounds 1.Coal, 2.Natural gas, 3.Petroleum Reserviors of fossil fuels Petrochemical Industry

  3. PETRO-CHEMICALS • Petrochemicals are chemical products derived from petroleum. Some chemical compounds made from petroleum are also obtained from other fossil fuels such as coal or natural gas, or renewable sources such as corn or sugar cane.

  4. CLASSIFICATION • Primary petrochemicals are divided into three groups depending on their chemical structure:

  5. CLASS 1: • Olefins includes ethylene, propylene, and butadiene. Ethylene and propylene are important sources of industrial chemicals and plasticsproducts. Butadiene is used in making synthetic rubber.

  6. CLASS 2: • Aromatics includes benzene, toluene, and xylenes. Benzene is a raw material for dyes and synthetic detergents, and benzene and toluene for isocyanates MDI and TDI used in making polyurethanes. Manufacturers use xylenes to produce plastics and synthetic fibers.

  7. CLASS 3: • Synthesis gas is a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen used to make ammonia and methanol. Ammonia is used to make the fertilizerurea and methanol is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.

  8. Etymology • The prefix "petro-" is an arbitrary abbreviation of the word "petroleum"; since "petro-" is Ancient Greek for "rock" and "oleum" means "oil".

  9. Flow chart

  10. Flow chart

  11. Flow chart

  12. Products from petroleum • Petrochemicals • Polymers & Fibers • Petroleum • Chemicals • Healthcare

  13. Fossil fuels are fuels formed by natural processes such as anaerobic decomposition of buried dead organism The age of the organisms and their resulting fossil fuels is typically millions of years, and sometimes exceeds 650 million years. The fossil fuels, which contain high percentages of carbon, include coal, petroleum, and natural gas.

  14. Energy Information Administration that in 2007 primary sources of energy consisted of petroleum 36.0%, coal 27.4%, natural gas 23.0%, amounting to an 86.4% share for fossil fuels in primary energy consumption in the world

  15. The world consumes 30 billion barrels (4.8 km³) of oil per year

  16. OIL REFINERY

  17. REFINING OF PETROLEUM

  18. Major products • Liquified petroleum gas (LPG) • Gasoline (also known as petrol) • Naphtha • Kerosene and related jet aircraft fuels • Diesel fuel • Fuel oils • Lubricating oils • Paraffin wax • Asphalt and tar • Petroleum coke

  19. 1 BARREL=42 GALLONS=159 LTRES

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