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???????????- ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????. - ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????.- ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????. ????? ????

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    3. - ??? ????? ????????????? ?????? ????????: 1- ????? ????????? (????????). 2- ????? ????????. 3- ????? ?????????. 4- ????? ???????????. 5- ??????? ??????. 6- ????? ????????. 7- ????? ???????????????. 8- ????? ?????????. - ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????: ?- ??? ???? (Active methods) : ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????. ?- ??? ??????? (Classical passive methods) : ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??????.

    4. ??????????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ??????. ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????. ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ????? ????????????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? (????????) ????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??????.

    5. ??? ????? ????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????. ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????: - ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????????????. - ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????. - ?? ?? ????? ????????????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????.

    6. ?????- ????? ??????????? - ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ??????? (?????? ?????????? ??????). - ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???. - ????? ?? ??????: 1- ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? (90%). 2- ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????????? (10%). - ????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????.

    7. - ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??? ???????? ??????????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ???. - ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ????????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????????. - ???? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?.......

    8. ??????? ??????????? - ??? ????? ????? ??????????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???? ???????? ((1 nT ??? ???? ?? ?????. - ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?? ?????? 0.01 nT)) ? ?? ????? ?????. - ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??? ?? ?????? 0.001 nT)) ? ?? ????? ????? ????.

    10. ????? ?????? 1- ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ????????? (???? ??????). 2- ?????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ????????? (???? ??????). 3- ?????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? (????? ????? ????????). 4- ?????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ??? ????????? (????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????).

    11. ??????? ?????? - ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? 1958 ?? ???????. - ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ??? ?????????. - ?? ????? ??? ?????????: ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????.

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