English 155 Meeting 3

1. English 155Meeting 3 Agenda: Review: parts o speech Phrases Using quotes Peer Review: Mini-Paper

2. Sentence Challenge: make 10-word sentences! • Each student has 2 words (noun & verb) • Combine w/ as many students as possible to create sentences of 10 words OR MORE. • MUST use your own word in EACH sentence • Each sentence must use a DIFFERENT classmate’s word (must meet with ALL classmates if possible!) • First person to reach 10 sentences WINS hw pass Complete the Mad Libs – can use cheat sheets Review

3. Write down 5 words in EACH category • NOUN PRONOUN VERB ADVERB • ADJECTIVE PREPOSITION CONJUNCTION • During class today, I will ask you to stand up and give me one of these Review game

4. A group of words that contains a subject and a verb and also expresses a complete thought. • Video on the Subject of the Sentence • http://ttosspon.wikispaces.com/Grammar+Rocks%21#Subject Complete sentence

5. 1. His family would be elated. 2. Someone was raking the leaves. 3. His father called out his name. 4. The old man tore open the envelope. 5. The message was brief. Practice Identifying Subjects

6. A phrase is a group of words belonging together but lacking one or more of the three elements necessary for a sentence. Phrases

7. Noun phrase – a noun with all of its modifiersPrepositional phrase – a preposition+ its modifiers • Verb phrase – a main verb with its helping verbs/modifiers • Infinitive phrase – the word “to”+verb + other words completing the phrase. • Participial Phrase – a present or past participle and the other words that complete the phrase. • Gerund phrase – present participle and the other words that complete the phrase Phrases

8. Phrases formed with VERBS that don’t function as Verbs! • Infinitive phrase (to + verb) • Participial phrase (verb+ as adjective) • Gerund phrase (noun formed from a verb -such as the `-ing' form of an English verb when used as a noun) Phrases

9. Prepositions tell where or how. • The subject & verb are NEVER found within the prepositional phrase. Prepositions

10. Identify the prepositional phrases below • On Friday, January 27, 2006, Western Union sent its last telegram. • With the ascendancy of modern technology, the telegram is no longer needed. • In 1851 in Rochester, New York, Western Union had its beginnings. • Most people thought Western Union had many uses to the public through its history. Prep. Phrases

11. Infinitive phrases • Multiple words that function as a noun • To continue this argument would be useless. • She began to move gracefully. Phrases Infinitive Phrase __________________________________ ________________________Infinitive Phrase

12. An Infinitive is the basic form of a verb • "To jump“ "To ask“ • A prepositional phrase describes time, location, possession (where, when, and whose) • "In“ "Around""Over“ "Beside" Infinitive or Prepositional? In front of a Verb(or adv/verb)? It is an INFINITIVE phrase In front of a NOUN (or adj/noun combination)? It is a Prepositional Phrase

13. To say goodbye to him was quite the challenge. • The trail of evidence led directly to him. • We were lucky to have discovered his fraudulent activities. • The manager had forced him to tell the truth. • His leaving will be a relief to the staff. Subj Verb Practice INF Subj Verb PP Subj Verb INF Subj Verb INF Subj Verb PP

14. Uses a participle (the –ing form of a verb) to perform the function of an adjective in a sentence • Base verb + ing • Run + ing Running • Running home, he cried to his mom! Participial Phrase Subject Verb __ ____ ________ Participial Phrase

15. Running home, the worker lost her wallet. • Looking very unhappy, she retraced her steps. • Greatly disappointed, she could not find it. • Told tearfully, the story saddened her. Subject Verb _____ ___ Participial Phrase ________ Participial Phrase Subject Verb ___ _______ ____________ Participial Phrase Subject Verb ___ ___________ ____________ Participial Phrase Subject Verb ____ ________ _______ Participial Phrase

16. Using the present participle (verb+ing) as a NOUN • Long distance running is a strenuous exercise. • I like long-distance running. Gerund phrase Verb _ ____________ Gerund phrase as SUBJECT SubjVerb _ ___ _____________ Gerund phrase as object.

17. Verb Subj P • Standing totally still, the child hoped the bee would fly away. • Playing the violin is not easy. • The athlete will try deep-sea diving. • Waiting patiently, we ordered something to drink. • Edited slowly and carefully, the essay was much improved Practice Verb Subj G Verb Subj G Verb Subj P P Subj Verb

18. In the past, play was usually unsupervised. • Parents seldom made “play dates” for their children. • Playing on the street or in a vacant lot was the norm. • Expecting to be entertained, children today often complain about being bored Verb Practice Subj Prepos. Verb Verb phrase Subj Verb Subj Gerund Subj Verb Participial phrase

19. Verb Subj 5. They depend on video games to structure their time. 6. Parents are spending money on too many movies and video games. 7. What is wrong with boredom? 8. Blessed with restless energy, children could find more creative ways to play Practice (cont.) infinitive Verb Subj Verb phr Verb Subj Prep Verb Subj Participial phrase Verb

20. Verb! • The student was taking an exam. • Participial Phrase! • Taking an exam, the student felt stressed. • Gerund Phrase! • Taking an exam can be stressful. Present Participle: 3 FunctionsWhen can I use –ing? Subject Verb ___ _____ Subject Verb _____ ___ Subject Verb ___________ _____

21. PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE • I hope to complete the requirements for my major. By the end of next semester. • I hope to complete the requirements for my major by the end of next semester. Common Fragment Types FRAGMENT Correct

22. INCOMPLETE VERBS: past or present participles without the helping verb • The student sleeping in the back row. • The student was sleeping in the back row. Common Fragment Types Correct FRAGMENT

23. Dependent Clause: Group of words that contains a subject and verb but doesn’t express a complete thought because of the beginning word. • I kept working on my essay. Although I was tired. • I kept working on my essay, although I was tired. Common Fragment Types FRAGMENT Correct

24. Early morning a time of peace in my neighborhood. • The gray mist covering up all but the Practice 1. Early morning is a time of peace in my neighborhood. 2. The gray mist is covering up all but the faint outlines of nearby houses.

25. 3. The shapes of cars in the streets and driveways 4. To sit and look out the window 3. I can barely make out the shapes of cars in the streets and driveways Practice 4. Often if I have the time, I sit and look out the window.

26. That afternoon the street was full of children. Taking a shower in the rain. Soaping themselves and rushing out into the storm. To wash off the suds. In a few minutes it was all over. Including the rubdown. The younger children took their showers naked. Teetering on the tips of their toes and squealing at one another. The stately coconut palm in one corner of the patio. Thrashed its high branches. Test

27. Using Quotes Part of the Joy of Research Papers

28. Your quote can’t make your point for you. YOU must make your point. • Use a quote,tell the reader WHAT it shows and why. Using Quotes/Paraphrases

29. Quotationsmust be identical to the original (unless you use … or []), using a narrow segment of the source. They must match the source document word for word and must be attributed to the original author. • Direct quotation.The young author states, “I had been granted unusual freedom and responsibility at an early age” (Krakauer, 148). Quoting

30. Paraphrasing involves putting a passage from source material into your own words. A paraphrase must also be attributed to the original source. Paraphrased material is usually shorter than the original passage, taking a somewhat broader segment of the source and condensing it slightly. • Paraphrase. In Chapter 11 of Into the Wild, Walt, McCandless’s father, remembers an early hike with twelve-year-old Chris. They made it to 13,000 feet before turning back from the 14,256-foot summit in Colorado. Chris did not want to quit, and complained all the way down (Krakauer, 109). Paraphrasing

31. Summarizing involves putting the main idea(s) into your own words, including only the main point(s). Once again, it is necessary to attribute summarized ideas to the original source. Summaries are significantly shorter than the original and take a broad overview of the source material. Summarizing • Summary. In Into the Wild, Krakauer seems to be working out his own past and his relationship with his father as well as telling the sad story of Chris McCandless. Because Krakauer, too, is a man of the outdoors, he understands something about the call of the wild.

32. Read & highlight the handout • Introduce your sources • Dialogue Tags • Phrases • Sentences • Divide your sources • Use Key Phrases Signal the Use of a Source

33. Try it on YOUR quote(s) • Fill out a paragraph organizer for YOUR main points/quotes

34. Period goes AFTER the quote Quotation Punctuation Citation: use 1st thing in the Works Cited page (usually author’s last name or article title)

35. Use www.easybib.com • Make sure ALL information is correct • Works Cited goes on its OWN PAGE • Do NOT trust Microsoft! It uses incorrect MLA yr. Works Cited

36. Peer Revision Mini-Research Paper