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Classification and Origins of Freshwater Systems. Lecture goals: Review the water cycle Key concepts and terminology in hydrology Field guide to freshwater systems. The Water Cycle. Surface Area : Volume Ratio. 1:1. Surface Area : Volume Ratio.
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Classification and Origins of Freshwater Systems • Lecture goals: • Review the water cycle • Key concepts and terminology in hydrology • Field guide to freshwater systems
Surface Area : Volume Ratio • The smaller the lake or reach, the larger the SA:V ratio. • The larger the lake or reach, the smaller the SA:V ratio.
Ephemeral Ponds Lakes vs. Ponds
Lake and Pond Origins • Glacial Activity
Moraine Dams Flathead Lake, MT Finger Lakes, NY
Lake and Pond Origins • Glacial Activity • Tectonic Activity
Lakes at Faults Lake Baikal
Lakes at Faults Lake Malawi
Lake and Pond Origins • Glacial Activity • Tectonic Activity • Other
Other cool ways lakes can be formed… Volcanic activity
CaCO3 Other cool ways lakes can be formed… Chemical reactions
Lake Manicouagan, Quebec Extraterrestrials 5 km diameter asteroid 212 MYA
Lake and Pond Zones • Benthic • Littoral • Limnetic • Profundal
Stream Order Horne Brook, NH Columbia River, WA
Stream Order • Benefits
Order is correlated with other characteristics These data are from a network of streams near Santa Fe, NM
Stream order can be used to describe real differences in drainages
Stream Order • Benefits • Drawbacks
Why Classification Matters • Solid Waste Agency of Northern Cook County vs. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers • In 2001, Supreme Court rules that Clean Water Act does not give Corps jurisdiction over “isolated” streams and wetlands. • Sets off rush to re-classify streams and wetlands as “isolated”. • In October 2005, Supreme Court agrees to hear additional arguments on wetland and stream protection.