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Freshwater Systems

Freshwater Systems. less than 1% of the water on Earth is available for us as freshwater freshwater exists as surface water groundwater. lakes and ponds → standing water in a pond sunlight reaches the bottom in a lake sunlight does not reach the bottom

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Freshwater Systems

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  1. Freshwater Systems • less than 1% of the water on Earth is available for us as freshwater • freshwater exists as • surface water • groundwater

  2. lakes and ponds → standing water in a pond sunlight reaches the bottom in a lake sunlight does not reach the bottom wetlands → areas that are saturated with water rivers and streams → flowing water speed, temperature, clarity varies more dissolved oxygen than in standing water Surface Water

  3. Lakes near shore, lots of plants open water, affected by wind and currents near surfa ce, lots of light & life PROFUNDAL ZONE deep & dark, little life bottom-dwelling life that eats mainly waste from above

  4. Lake Succession • sediments slowly fill in lake… and vegetation grows in from the sides

  5. Rivers • rivers are powerful forces… because they move they erode the land they flow over • rivers can move vertically (cutting down) and horizontally (cutting sideways) • rivers transport a lot of sediment with the water

  6. sometimes river channels get cutoff leaving an OXBOW LAKE • old channels will eventually fill in like a lake • rivers also dump tons of sediments into lakes and oceans • sediments dropping out of suspension form deltas

  7. Groundwater • most precipitation that falls on the Earth becomes groundwater • groundwater sits just above bedrock • the layer of saturated soil is called the WATER TABLE • the water table is closer to the surface in wet years… and deeper from the surface in drier years • it is similar to a surface river system… except underground • 25% of Albertans get their water from groundwater… mainly for agriculture • when a well is drilled pressure forces groundwater to the surface in the well • when groundwater gets heated up it often erupts to the surface as a GEYSER

  8. Run-off and Erosion • factors affecting run-off • amount of precipitation & form (rain vs snow) • time it takes to fall/how fast it melts • slope of the land • type of soil • vegetation cover • the movement of sediments from one place to another is called EROSION • after sediments are transported they aredeposited … this is called DEPOSITION

  9. How can we reduce erosion?

  10. the area of land that drains into a body of water upstream areas or start of watershed is called HEADWATERS downstream areas or end of watershed is called OUTFLOW Watersheds

  11. Watershed Management • slow down water flow • keep vegetation on surface • protect river banks • vegetation • rip rap • direct water

  12. Watershed Management • control what goes into our waterways

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